1,3,4-Thiadiazole is a heterocyclic compound that has been widely studied for its diverse pharmacological activities. The compound is synthesized using different methods, including cyclization of linear organic derivative. The compound has been shown to exhibit various bioactivity, including its property as anticancer toward human cancers, antibacterial, diuretic, antitubercular, antifungal, and leishmanicidal agents, additionally, 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives have been shown to influence the central nervous system, displaying anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, analgesic, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. 1,3,4-thiadiazole and its derivatives have been a subject of extensive research in the field of medicinal chemistry. These compounds exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities, making them valuable candidates for drug development. The structural versatility of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives allows for the fine-tuning of their pharmacological effects. The 1,3,4-thiadiazole moiety in a molecule enhances its bioactivity. Medicinal chemists have explored the SAR (Structure-Activity Relationship) of these derivatives to understand how different substitutions and modifications impact their pharmacological profiles. Synthesis and pharmacological activities of 1,3,4-thiadiazole and also its derivatives represent a vibrant area of research with promising implications for the progress of new therapeutic agents across various medical domains.