Trees have been an important part of human settlements throughout history. In the Nepalese context, the development of urban forestry is seen only in some cities to some extent. Questionnaire survey, key informant survey, and direct field observation techniques were used to access the information on urban forestry in Hetauda sub-metropolitan city which is in the phase of rapid urbanization with demanding the development of urban green infrastructure. The research aims to identify the present status of urban forestry by people's views regarding urban forestry. It also explores the list out of the preferred tree species, peoples' perception about urban forestry and new plantation site referred by people in Hetauda city. The perception of the local people towards UF was measured by the Likert scale scoring the statements on different issues. Documentation of present status and practices of urban forestry, list out of the most preferred species by the local people was recorded. Saraca indica and Azadirachta indica are the most liked species by local people for urban plantation and most of the people want greenery along the roadside.

Medicinal herbs have long been used as traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases. The increasing use of synthetic antibiotics today has led to an increase in resistant strains and high side effects. In this regard, every year many researchers from this huge plant source are sending a range of secondary compounds to the consumer market for the treatment of human diseases. Therefore, the identification of herbs with antimicrobial effects can help to produce new drugs with a broad spectrum of effects. This study, based on scientific references, describes information on the antimicrobial effects of rosemary.

This study evaluated the influence of combined application of cattle dung and NPK fertilizer (NPK 15 -15 -15) on soil physicochemical properties, growth, nutrient uptake and yield of fluted pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis) during the dry season of 2015. The pot experiment was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture Complex, Kogi State University, Anyigba in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with seven treatments and four replicates. The treatments were 250 kg/ha NPK fertilizer, 2 t/ha cow dung, 2 t/ha cow dung + 250 kg/ha NPK fertilizer, 3 t/ha cow dung + 300 kg NPK fertilizer, 4 t/ha cow dung + 350 kg NPK fertilizer, 5 t/ha cow dung + 400 kg NPK fertilizer and a control. The following growth and yield parameters were measured; average number of leaves, branches, stem girth and internode length. Results from this study showed that combined application of cow dung and NPK fertilizer significantly (P < 0.05) increased organic carbon, available P, soil pH, total nitrogen, exchangeable bases and Effective Cation Exchange Capacity compared to the control. The amendments did not significantly influence soil physical properties. Uptake of N, P, K, Ca and Mg were higher with treatments in which cow dung was combined with NPK fertilizer compared to the control. It was observed that all growth parameters increased with increased levels of nutrient application. The growth parameters were high in pots treated with high rate combinations of organic and inorganic fertilizer and significantly different from either sole organic or inorganic nutrient sources or control. The results suggest that, application of 5 t/ha cow dung + 400 kg/ha NPK fertilizer is recommended for fluted pumpkin production in Anyigba, but in terms of economic and environmental considerations, the application of 5 t/ha of cow dung+250 kg/ha NPK is recommended.

The aim of this review article is to have a thorough knowledge about different types of periodontal dressings. Periodontal surgeries cause tissue injury, triggering hemorrhage & leading to blood clot. Blood clot consists of inflammatory cells & prevents bacterial colonization/wound infection that requires time to heal. For protection of such wounds various dressings have been suggested in the past.with the purpose of immobilizing the tissue and eradication of pain. These days application of periodontal dressing after periodontal therapy has been utilized not only for surgical but for non-surgical mechanical therapy as well. Periodontal dressing has 3 classification 1) zinc oxide eugenol, 2) zinc oxide non-eugenol 3) other types.

The authors, we have studied on Tcheonzamun (The thousand character essay), and we knew that most of Tcheonzamun seemed to be written in Korean pronunciation. During the study we thought that the people who had made the masterpiece of Easter Asia, Tcheonzamun, might have created the Chinese characters themselves. The authors analyzed the Chinese characters with the method of using Korean pronunciation. We translated the 10 Chinese characters randomly, and named them the continuous number of 0021 to 0030. Authors found that Chinese characters were also written on the basic foundation of Korean language. The central power or cultural foundation of Eastern Asia (China, Mongol, Korea, Vietnam, Japan, and Singapore) is Chinese characters. We, the authors of this article, found that all of 10 letters in this article were composed of Korean letters and phrases. As a conclusion, this discovery states that the central power of Eastern Asia was not originated by Chinese people but by ancient Korean people.