There was a spate of social reform movements in Kerala in the early decades of the 20th century. These were initiated mainly by religious and spiritual leaders. A few communal organizations also arose during this period and sought to cure the ills from which their particular community was suffering. Besides religious zeal, they were motivated by progressive views. They fought against superstitious practices as well as caste based social discrimination. Despite all these eventualities, Malabar was rather insulated by these progressive developments. Following the rebellion of 1921, Malabar became a center of national attention, as the entire area was thoroughly devastated by the aftermath of the riot, socially, culturally, and economically, and paralyzed politically. Great personalities associated with several service organizations flocked to the area to conduct relief, reconstruction, and reform activities on a massive scale.

Human immunodeficiency virus is grouped into the genus Lentivirus within the family of retroviridean, a subfamily of retrovirinae. Since its emergence, it has remained a global public health crisis with approximately 39.0 million (33.1 – 45.7 mil) people living with HIV globally in 2022, with some countries reporting increased trends in new infections and it is incurable. There has been documented success in decreasing new cases and mortality resulting from HIV/AIDS globally; however, in sub-Saharan Africa, the rate of new infections has increased disproportionately among young women. Thus, the region accounts for about 9 – 10 women and children living with HIV. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV occurs when HIV is transmitted from the mother to the child during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding, although the rate of MTCT of HIV in high-income countries has significantly reduced to less than 1% in some low-income countries, MTCT of HIV remains high at 8.9%, and about 90% of HIV infection in children occurs through MTCT of HIV. Prevention of Mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV is recommended to curb the menace of MTCT of HIV (Falnes et al., 2010). It involves a series of events, services, or interventions, which, when fully implemented, result in a reduction in the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016) that involves the use of drugs and non-drug-related services. Health care workers play an important role in the provision of services and interventions aimed at reducing HIV transmission. Therefore, this study intends to Asses Health Care Workers' Attitude Towards PMTCT of HIV At Primary Health Care Center. The study is an institutional-based cross-sectional descriptive survey study. The sample size was calculated using the formula of Yamane (1967), a multistage sampling was used to select sampling unit. A self-administered closed-ended questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection, all responses to the completed questionnaire were coded and entered into SPSS v25.0, edited, and checked accordingly. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the frequency distribution and measures of central tendency, whereas inferential statistics were used to determine the relationship between the study variables. The study finding reveals that the general attitude score of the respondents on PMTCT of HIV was Positive (3.1) and there is a statistically significant level of association between years of work and attitude (p<0.024). In this study, it can be concluded that the level of health care workers attitude towards PMTCT of HIV was positive and there is a statistically significant level of association between years of work and attitude. This shows that health care workers with more year of working experience have a better attitude, this could be related to the fact that they have more contact time and training on PMTCT and HIV in general, it is recommended that further studies be conducted to the explore the reason behind the statistical association above.

Hospital health institutions have experienced developments that have led to professional services, in line with improvements in various factors, both internal and external, including the increasing awareness of hospital managers implementing professional management and the increasing demands of the public for the quality of hospital services. This study aims to determine External Market and Internal Market Efficiency in Increasing Hospital Visit Numbers. This type of research is quantitative research. The population in this study was the entire community of Malang district. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique. Determining the sample in this study used the Slovin formula. The research instrument uses a questionnaire and data analysis uses multiple linear regression. The results of the analysis show that the R value shows a close relationship between the independent variables (X1, X2) and the dependent variable (Y) of 0.823. The adjusted R square value is 0.467, meaning that 46.7% of the community's decision variables in returning visits can be explained by external marketing variables. This can be seen from the significance level being smaller than α (0.000<0.05), so that H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected. Conclusions in this research include external marketing variables, internal marketing have a significant effect on the variable intention to revisit at Hospital X in Malang district, both simultaneously and partially dan the variable that more dominantly influences patient satisfaction is the internal marketing variable.

The purpose of this study is to see the partial and simultaneous effects of istishna, mudharabah and ijarah financing on profitability (ROA) of Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia. The method is a descriptive quantitative approach. The sample and population in this study are Islamic commercial banks in Indonesia in 2018-2023 on a quarterly basis. So that there are 24 samples in this study. Isthisna financing results in the conclusion that the level of profitability (ROA is significantly negatively affected by istishna financing. In addition, mudharabah financing significantly and negatively affects the level of profitability (ROA). Furthermore, it is shown that ijarah financing does not significantly affect the level of profitability (ROA). Simultaneously, it is concluded that istishna financing and mudharabah financing have a significant negative effect on the level of profitability (ROA). Then ijarah financing has no significant effect on the level of profitability (ROA). Data analysis used in this study requires descriptive analysis test, classical assumption test and hypothesis testing. The data used is secondary from Islamic banking statistics with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) website.

This study examines the comparative the financial performance of Bank Mega Syariah prior to and following partnering with Sharia Fintech in financing distribution. Utilizing a quantitative and descriptive approach, it analyzes key financial ratios including NPF, ROA, ROE, NOM, and BOPO. Data from Bank Mega Syariah's financial reports over a 10-year period (2014-2023) are analyzed. Statistical analysis is performed using SPSS, applying the Paired Sample T-Test is utilized for normally distributed data, while the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test is used for non-normally distributed data. The outcomes indicate noteworthy distinctions in NPF, ROA, ROE, and BOPO after the collaboration, while NOM shows no significant variance. The findings suggest a positive impact of collaboration with Sharia Fintech on Bank Mega Syariah's financial performance, particularly in reducing NPF and enhancing ROA, ROE, and BOPO. However, it is noted that regulatory concerns highlighted in the AMS 2022/2023 survey remain a barrier to financial literacy and inclusion via Fintech. This study adds to the comprehension of the dynamic environment of Islamic banking within the framework of Fintech integration, offering insights for policymakers and industry practitioners.