Therapeutic mAbs or biologics as well as engineered, bispecific and conjugate antibody-drug combinations are used to treat cancer, immune-mediated indications, infections and rare diseases. The mAbs, which are present in many complex, protein-rich biological matrices, require a holistic bioanalytical approach to address pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD), immunogenicity, biomarkers, molecular integrity, and drugs and drug-related species. This review discusses emerging methods expected to shape the future of mAb bioanalysis from time-consuming workflows to digital, miniaturized and automated processes, providing enhanced information and greater productivity. In particular, it describes AI/ML, automation and high-throughput platforms, microsampling, advanced MS and integrated digital workflows.AI/ML applications have demonstrated improved analysis of complex datasets, including Raman-based prediction with 2.4% error versus 14.6% using linear analysis, XGBoost-based N-glycan quantification consistent with LC–MS (R² >0.95), and convolutional neural networks achieving R² values of 0.94–0.99 for charge-variant and protein monitoring. However, most applications remain centered on process monitoring and physicochemical characterization rather than fully validated clinical bioanalysis. Automated and high-throughput LC–MS and immunoassay workflows improve throughput, reproducibility, and operational consistency, with applications including therapeutic drug monitoring of free and total infliximab. Microsampling approaches such as dried blood spots, volumetric absorptive what is the future of central laboratories? Microsampling, and dried capillary blood allow low-volume and decentralized sampling, with the reported strong serum concordance (R >0.95) and high ADA agreement. Nevertheless, many challenges are faced with matrix effects, hematocrit, stability, extraction efficiency, validation and regulatory acceptance. Success in the future will rely on integrated, standardized, interpretable, and fit-for-purpose workflows synergistically leveraging microsampling, automation, advanced MS, and AI-based data interpretation.

Breast cancer is still considered one of the most common malignancies worldwide, requiring the continual development of novel targeted therapeutic agents. This study reports the insilico design, molecular docking, and the ADME analysis of four novel coumarin-pyrazoline-sulfonamide hybrid derivatives (D–G) as potential anti-breast cancer drugs targeting the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). The four compounds contain different aryl substituents phenyl (D), 4-hydroxyphenyl (E), 4-methoxyphenyl (F), and 4-fluorophenyl (G) at the C-5 position of the pyrazoline ring attached to the coumarin substrate, but the N-1 position carries a 4-aminosulfonylphenyl group. Molecular docking simulations were performed against the ERα ligand-binding domain (PDB: 1ERR) using the Glide Standard Precision procedure within the Schrödinger software suite, with olaparib as the drug of reference. Each of the four designed compounds showed higher binding affinities compared to olaparib (−7.130 kcal/mol). The most favorable Glide score of −7.727 kcal/mol was obtained from the compound E (4-hydroxyphenyl derivative), which was following compounds D (−7.448 kcal/mol), F (−7.257 kcal/mol), and G (−7.192 kcal/mol). Key interactions included hydrogen bonding with Glu353, Asp351, Arg394, Thr347, and His524, in addition to extensive hydrophobic contacts within the ERα bonding pocket. These findings were further corroborated by MM- GBSA calculations, wherein the compound exhibited the highest complex stability with a binding free energy of -65.4 kcal/mol, compared to other derivatives (D, F, and G) and the reference compound (-67.37 kJ/mol). ADME profiling utilizing SwissADME confirmed all compounds comply with Lipinski’s Rule of Five with no violations and exhibit favorable pharmacokinetic characteristics. These results demonstrate the promising importance of engineered coumarin derivatives, particularly compound (E), as lead structures for future development as proliferative inhibitors targeting estrogen receptor alpha (ERα).

The modification of approved drugs is an established medicinal-chemistry approach that can reduce some of the uncertainty associated with completely new chemical entities while providing opportunities to improve activity or introduce additional biological effects. Nabumetone is a non-acidic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory prodrug used mainly for painful inflammatory disorders such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. During the last decade, its chemically accessible framework has been employed in the synthesis of structurally diverse derivatives containing pyrazoline, isoxazoline, pyrimidine, thiazolidinone, sulfonamide, triazole, pyridine, and other five-membered heterocyclic systems. The reported compounds exhibited anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, antiproliferative, and anticancer activities. This review summarizes their synthetic relationships, structural diversity, biological importance, and the principal considerations that should guide further investigation of nabumetone-derived compounds.

Sulfonamide has medicinal properties and molecular mobility that serve as key synthetic bioactive molecules in pharmaceutical science. Since the discovery of Prontosil in the early 1900s, sulfonamides have been widely studied as antibacterial agents targeting folate biosynthesis. Recent modifications to structures using heterocyclic rings, electron-withdrawing substituents, and hybrid pharmacophores have improved their antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and enzyme inhibitory activities. This review covers current breakthroughs in sulfonamide derivative production, biological activity, resistance mechanisms, and therapeutics. Microwave-assisted and green synthesis methods, molecular docking, ADMET prediction, and targeted therapeutics are prioritized. Through suppression of carbonic anhydrases, cyclooxygenases, histone deacetylases, and dihydropteroate synthases, sulfonamide derivatives were effective against multidrug-resistant infections and various human cancer cell lines. Many derivatives have good receptor-binding interactions and pharmacokinetics, according to computational studies. However, bacterial resistance, toxicity, and hypersensitivity responses remain clinical issues, and nanotechnology, AI-assisted drug discovery, and multitarget therapy design which that increase sulfonamide-based treatment selectivity and efficacy.

Background: While WhatsApp groups can be a tool to extend antenatal communication out of the clinic, regular digital contact does not necessarily indicate satisfaction or clinical efficacy. Objective: To describe the engagement patterns, verbalised experiences, perceived usefulness, supportive exchanges and challenges in a WhatsApp antenatal group linked to a hospital. Methods: This is a qualitative descriptive study where data was obtained through secondary analysis of textual data from the official Antenatal Support Group of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, from 4th August 2022 to 25th August 2023. There were 679 unique sender labels in the corpus, and 12,409 messages. Relevance filtering and data cleaning resulted in 4,286 substantive messages being managed and analysed within NVivo by a multidisciplinary team using the six-phase thematic approach of Braun and Clarke. Message counts were not considered prevalence estimates for the participants, but descriptive features of the corpus. Results: Seven themes emerged: "visible engagement," "expressed appreciation and perceived usefulness," "access to antenatal information," "emotional reassurance," "peer learning," "linkage with facility-based care," and "challenges with platforms. The workbook included 339 messages that had to do with satisfaction, with 186 unique sender labels. These were indicators of text satisfaction rather than verified text satisfaction scores. No change in anxiety, attendance, or maternal outcomes were found in the data. Conclusion: The message corpus indicates that the moderated WhatsApp group could be a valuable auxiliary communication, reassurance and peer interaction channel during pregnancy. Further research is needed with validated measures and clinical outcomes to infer effectiveness.

The blood–brain barrier (BBB), a highly specialized and selective interface, is essential for preserving the homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS) but also presents a significant barrier to the efficient administration of medications for neurological conditions. The BBB limits the passage of most therapeutic drugs due to its tight junctions, efflux transporters, and regulated permeability. As a result, there are few therapy choices for ailments including brain tumors, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and other CNS-related disorders. Conventional drug delivery methods, such as altering pharmaceuticals chemically and using intrusive administration. Drug delivery technologies based on nanotechnology have been a viable way to get over BBB-related restrictions in recent years. This paper offers a thorough summary of methods for improving drug transport across the blood-brain barrier that are mediated by nanoparticles. The structural features, BBB penetration mechanisms, and therapeutic applications of a variety of nanocarrier systems—including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, polymeric micelles, dendrimers, inorganic nanoparticles, and biomimetic carriers like exosomes—are examined. Receptor-mediated transcytosis, surface modification techniques, and biomimetic designs that enhance targeting effectiveness and biocompatibility are given particular attention. Furthermore, the review highlights key applications of nanoparticle-based systems in the management of major neurological disorders while critically addressing existing safety concerns, translational challenges, and regulatory limitations. Overall, this article underscores the potential of nanocarrier-based platforms to revolutionize CNS drug delivery and emphasizes future perspectives aimed at improving clinical translation and therapeutic outcome.

Background: Chlorpyrifos (CF) is the most extensively used organophosphorus (OP) insecticide. Due to its widespread use in agriculture, residues of CF have been found in food crops and environmental samples such as air, leading to concern for potential risks to living beings. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the protective roles of propolis versus vitamin E against chlorpyrifos-induced reproductive toxicity and oxidative stress in male rats. Methods: A total of thirty-two adult male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n = 8): control, chlorpyrifos-treated (6.7 mg/kg), chlorpyrifos + propolis (50 mg/kg) and chlorpyrifos + vitamin E (100 mg/kg). Treatments were given orally over six weeks. Serum concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, and reduced glutathione (GSH) were assessed. Testicular tissue was also examined histopathologically. Results: Chlorpyrifos exposure significantly reduced the serum LH and FSH levels, and markedly depleted GSH in comparison with the control group. Histopathological examination showed degenerative changes in the testicular tissue, loss of germ cells, and disrupted spermatogenesis. Propolis or vitamin E treatment restored normal testicular histological architecture, significantly increased antioxidant status, and maintained near-normal gonadotropin levels. However, the serum testosterone levels were not significantly affected within the experimental groups. Conclusion: Chlorpyrifos-induced reproductive toxicity appears to be associated with oxidative stress and endocrine dysregulation. Propolis and vitamin E mitigated the adverse effects of exposure by enhancing antioxidant defenses and maintaining testicular architecture and hormone homeostasis.