The experiment involved thirty male rats divided into six groups. One group received saline as a control, another received monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) to induce OA, and the remaining four groups received MIA alongside various treatments: chitosan NPs, curcumin-loaded chitosan at two different doses (150 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg), or ibuprofen, a common pain medication. The researchers monitored changes in the knee joints by measuring their diameter and examining X-ray images throughout the experiment. The results revealed that curcumin nanoparticles, particularly at the higher dose (300 mg/kg), were significantly more effective than chitosan or the lower curcumin dose (150 mg/kg) in reducing joint swelling and preventing cartilage degeneration. Interestingly, this higher dose of curcumin nanoparticles demonstrated effectiveness comparable to ibuprofen. These findings suggest that curcumin nanoparticles have the potential to be a valuable therapeutic agent for OA. Their anti-inflammatory properties may offer relief from pain and swelling in the joints, while the nanoparticle delivery system may improve curcumin's bioavailability and effectiveness compared to traditional curcumin. The study paves the way for curcumin nanoparticles as a potential alternative to NSAIDs for OA patients who experience side effects or intolerance to these medications.

The present study was aimed to isolation and identification Candida species from different clinical cases and to determine antifungal resistance. A total of 116 samples were collected from various clinical cases, including 41 oral swabs from children with oral thrush attending Tikrit Maternity and Paediatrics Teaching Hospital in Tikrit, 32 vaginal swabs from women with vaginal candidiasis, and 43 urine samples from individuals with urinary tract infection. The morphological and biochemical testing revealed that 16 (45.7%) isolates of Candida spp. were found in the oral samples and were determined to be pathogenic, 10 (31.1%) from vaginal swabs, 14 isolates (36%) from urine samples, C.tropicalis pathogenic samples that 6(17.3%) isolate from oral samples, 7 (21.8 %) from vaginal swabs, 10 isolates (26%) from urine samples, C.parapsilosis pathogenic samples that 5 (14.2%) isolate from oral samples, 8 (25.3%) from vaginal swabs, 13 isolates (33%) from urine samples. While C.krusei pathogenic samples that 8 (22.8%) isolate from oral samples, 7 (21.8%) from vaginal swabs, and 2 isolates (5%) from urine samples. Agar well diffusion method results revealed that the Rezafungin was the most effective antifngal which inhibited 87.9%.

Hospital health institutions have experienced developments that have led to professional services, in line with improvements in various factors, both internal and external, including the increasing awareness of hospital managers implementing professional management and the increasing demands of the public for the quality of hospital services. This study aims to determine External Market and Internal Market Efficiency in Increasing Hospital Visit Numbers. This type of research is quantitative research. The population in this study was the entire community of Malang district. The sampling technique used purposive sampling technique. Determining the sample in this study used the Slovin formula. The research instrument uses a questionnaire and data analysis uses multiple linear regression. The results of the analysis show that the R value shows a close relationship between the independent variables (X1, X2) and the dependent variable (Y) of 0.823. The adjusted R square value is 0.467, meaning that 46.7% of the community's decision variables in returning visits can be explained by external marketing variables. This can be seen from the significance level being smaller than α (0.000<0.05), so that H0 is accepted and H1 is rejected. Conclusions in this research include external marketing variables, internal marketing have a significant effect on the variable intention to revisit at Hospital X in Malang district, both simultaneously and partially dan the variable that more dominantly influences patient satisfaction is the internal marketing variable.

Objectives: To identify some biochemical parameters that help predict LV remodelling after STEMI. By determining serum levels of Resisten and IL-6 in patients with ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) and apparently healthy controls. Patients & Methods: This prospective case-controlled study was conducted from beginning May 2023 to end of October 2023. This study was conducted on 110 individuals, including sixty-two patients (50 males and 12 females) who had undergone a STEMI and forty-eight healthy control subjects. The information about patients in this study was retrieved from patients' hospital records. The samples were collected from Azadi Teaching Hospital/ Kirkuk on patients with STEMI. Forty-eight of apparently healthy sex and age-matched controls were included in this study. The data were collected from the cases group as (G2) means: From the moment the patient arrives to internal resuscitation and up to 48 hours and at the baseline of the STEMI (ST elevation of the myocardial fraction), and (G3) means: After 4-6 months follow up, These states were also compared to the control group composed of (48) individuals who were apparently healthy. About five ml of blood was collected from the antecubital vein for both patients and healthy individuals in an anticoagulant tube to estimate the Resisten and IL-6 levels. Results: The results of the study showed that the serum level of resisten were significantly higher in group G2 (patients group) in comparison to those of the A1 (control group) P <0.01. The current research demonstrated non-significant differences in IL-6 levels between (G1 and G2), while showing highly significant differences between A1 and A3; this was also applicable for G2 and G3. Conclusion: The current study concluded that there are significantly increasing of Resistin levels in patients in matching to control groups. Also, it was noticed that IL-6 mean concentration levels were lower in A2 in comparison to A1 but higher than in A3.

Background: The kidneys are essential organs that keep blood pH stable and eliminate excess water, salts, and aid in the body's waste removal. Aim of the study: The study aims to investigate the importance of myostatin in the development of diabetic nephropathy patients. In addition, the level of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus. Materials and methods: A Case-Control study lasted from- November 2023 to January 2024, at Al-Amal Kidney Dialysis Center and Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk Governorate. The 135 blood samples, their ages (25-70), were divided into three groups. The first group G1 (n:50) patients with T2DM. The second group G2 (n:55) with diabetic nephropathy. The third group G3 for control. Serum samples were utilized to measure MSTN by ELISA, blood urea, serum creatinine, S.PO4, S. Na+, S. K+, and S. Ca++ by spectrophotometer. Results: Significant variations (P<0.05) in MSTN were seen between study groups (8.43±4.69, 10.99±7.05, 5.63±3.38) ng/ml. Additionally, significant differences exist between (G1 vs G2), (G1 vs G3), and (G2 vs G3) with p-value <0.05 Diabetic nephropathy G2 had the highest mean urea and creatinine levels (136.69±38.21, 5.99±1.87), followed by G1 (34.92±9.06, 0.89±0.26) and control group G3 (31.00±4.72), with significant differences (p ≤ 0.001) among three groups. Additionally, G1 with G2, G2 with G3, and G1 with G3 had significant differences (p-value>0.01). Conclusion: This study found higher myostatin, urea, and creatinine in diabetic nephropathy and diabetic patients. The data also showed hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, hyperkalemia, and hyperphosphatemia in diabetic nephropathy and diabetic patients.

Dengue fever is a contagion- caused complaint that is spread by mosquitoes. Dengue is an acute viral illness caused by RNA contagion of the family Flaviviridae and spread by Aedes mosquitoes. A womanish Aedes aegypti mosquito carrying a blood- mess from a mortal host through her honker which penetrates the host’s skin. That occurs in tropical and tropical areas of the world. The complaint is now endemic in farther than 100 countries in the WHO Regions, analogous as the Americas, Africa, the Middle East, Asia, and the Pacific islands & also other countries who can suffered these world wide spread complaint. About half of the world’s population is now at trouble of dengue with an estimated 100 – 400 million infections being each time. The severe form of dengue fever, also called dengue hemorrhagic fever, can beget serious bleeding, a unlooked-for drop in blood pressure (shock) and death. Symptoms include high fever, severe headache, joint and muscle pain, nausea, and puking. Treatment for dengue fever includes supportive care, analogous as rest and fluids. The complex pathogenesis of thrombocytopenia and increased vascular permeability in dengue illness is also mooted. The composition give a detailed overview on dengue contagion infection, medium, symptoms, discriminative opinion & prevention & treatment.

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) accounts for up to 60% of hospitalized patients in intensive care units and is a widespread diagnosis. Recent years have seen an increase in risk factors for it, including old age, chronic diabetes, and kidney disease (CKD). The definition of acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly known as acute renal failure, is a rapid decrease in the glomerular filtration rate. Nephrotoxicity is mainly caused by drugs and auto-immune-induced kidney injury, which is defined by immune cell infiltration in the tubulointerstitial. Interleukin-1B (IL-1B) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) are signs of kidney inflammation. Objective: Evaluate the Anti-inflammatory effect of ertugliflozin. Materials & Methods: Thirty adult male albino rats were recruited. These rats were raised in an animal house with a special commercial diet and water. After ten days of acclimatization, the selected rats were separated at random into three groups. Each experimental group consisted of ten rats. This study ran from December 18, 2023, to January 1, 2024, and was carried out in the Animal House of the College of Medicine/University of Babylon. Serum samples were taken for measuring IL-1B and TNF-α. Result: The results demonstrated that ertugliflozin provides anti-inflammatory in the treated groups. The two parameters manifest it. Conclusion: The results emphasize that ertugliflozin has an anti-inflammatory effect.