Human Anatomy is a core and foundation course in medicine. Its proper understanding is key to the application of clinical medicine in health care. Traditionally, the core sciences of Medicine of which Human Anatomy is one are taught and learnt at the inception of the training. Although, mentions are made of the clinical relevances of the core sciences at this level. The level of appreciation of the clinical applications of the knowledge by the first-and second- year students (Preclinical level) is not that much. By the time these students progress to the clinicals, they tend to be much preoccupied by the clinical details and responsibilities and patient care. Hence, they have little recourse to the core sciences. This gap is what this article set to address by providing the nexuses between Anatomy and Clinical Medicine. This will go a long way to improve the appreciation of the very significant contributions of Anatomy to Clinical Medicine there by making them more competent Physicians. Areas covered include veins, arteries, nerves, surgical incisions, abdominal &pelvic organs, pleural cavities, face & dural venous sinuses.

Background: The interaction of preeclampsia and infection of influenza could exacerbate oxidative and inflammatory stress and accelerate genomic instability within exposed epithelial cells and derangement in iron balance. Cells from the oral buccal mucosa as a non-invasive surrogate tissue permit non-invasive evaluation of genotoxicity with buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) test. Objective: The aim was to investigate the parameters of DNA damage biomarkers (micronucleus formation and related nuclear changes) and hepcidin, apelin, galectin-3, and iron profile (iron, ferritin, TIBC, UIBC, transferrin, TSAT%) in cells from the buccal mucosa and sera of healthy controls, healthy pregnant women, and preeclampsia patients with influenza infection and to determine discriminatory capability of these biomarkers. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study comprised 60 healthy controls, 60 healthy pregnant women, and 58 preeclampsia patients with confirmed influenza infection. The BMCyt test was utilized to detect MN, BN, PN, KR, KL, and DIF buccal cells. Serum hepcidin, apelin, and galectin-3 were quantified by ELISA; iron indices were determined using colorimetric/immunoturbidimetric methods. ROC analysis was done to compare healthy pregnant women with preeclampsia patients with influenza. Results: The frequency of MN, BN, and KL and DIF% values were significantly higher in preeclampsia patients with influenza compared to healthy pregnant and control subjects, reflecting an increase in the genotoxic and cytotoxic/degenerative damage. Significantly higher levels of ferritin, hepcidin, and galectin-3, but significantly decreased concentrations of apelin and TSAT% were found in the preeclampsia group in comparison with the healthy pregnant females. The ROC curve analysis revealed that ferritin, hepcidin, MN%, KR%, KL%, BN%, and PN% had the excellent discriminatory power (AUC ≥ 0.92), while the conventional iron-binding protein indicators (TIBC, UIBC, transferrin) and apelin demonstrated a poor-to-failure discriminating capacity. Conclusion: The use of buccal micronucleus cytome criteria along with hepcidin and ferritin allows the prediction of genotoxic and inflammatory disruption in preeclampsia complicated with influenza.

In the month of August 2026, there have been 2400 cases of H1N1 virus or the Swine Flu virus. This has triggered viral fears regarding the seasonal flu infection as it is keeping low immunity in affected people. Some have experienced it as a debilitating virus as others have recovered & also had relapses. Here, the flu shot can take the sting out of the viral infection. The article discusses the modalities of the vaccine, its challenges & limitations in the light of the virus’s changing nature. It offers a sustainable & effective tool to deal with flu viruses through improvement of immunity of the body & the gut. Homoeopathy is the tool to address the flu issue in an effective & sustainable way as the flu issue is not a one-time factor but a perennial issue. Further, the article emphasizes upon the clinical effectivity, therapeutic effectivity, no side effect property & the cost-effective aspect of homoeopathy. It is these properties that make the homoeopathic system of therapeutics as an effective tool to deal with the flu menace that challenges humanity every year.

The synthesis of novel five- and seven-membered heterocycles was conducted using Mefenamic acid as the starting material. Involved treatment of Mefenamic acid with thiosemicarbazide yielded 5-(2-((2,3-dimethyl-phenyl)amino)phenyl)1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine [1], and subsequent condensation of this product with 4-N, N-dimethyl amino benzaldehyde, 4-nitro benzaldehyde, 4-bromobenzaldehyde, 4-chlorobenzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, and 4-hydroxy benzaldehyde gave rise to Schiff bases [2-7]. Other studies involved the treatment of Schiff bases [2-7], with different anhydrides (succinic, maleic, phthalic, and naphthalic) to yield 1,3-oxazepine-4,7-dione rings [8-31]. Focus on the research of the antibacterial properties of some of the synthesized compounds. The well diffusion method was used to determine the in vitro anti-bacterial activity of the Staphylococcus aurius (G+), Baceillus subtilis (G+), Klebsiella pneum0niae (G-), and E. coli (G-) bacterial isolates. Some of these compounds demonstrated activity, having been characterized by studies, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and infrared spectroscopy. Their microbiological activity, however, was not inconspicuous. Indeed, during the antimicrobial activity screening, some of these compounds were found to possess good activity against bacteria (9, 19, 23, 25, and 29).

Sustainability includes the use of available resources at a minimal level. The current review aims to reveal the overlap between sustainability and genetic technologies, as well as to identify obstacles and proposed futurology. A narrative methodology was used, where keywords were searched in (Ncbi, Scopus, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, Elsevier, MDPI, iasj, .org, .gov, Clarivate, Springer), followed by summarizing, and analyzing the most important conclusions, of the studies, and organizing their topics according to their logical diversity. A strong overlap observed between sustainability and genetic techniques. It includes three areas: the first is a sustainable extraction of nucleic acids. The second is sustainable genetic engineering techniques. The third is computational modeling, automation, robotics, and big data, plan improvement, and providing sustainable intelligent ecosystems. There are obstacles including high cost, off-target activity, immune responses, difficulty in accurately describing large genetic repeats, harmful environmental consequences, and fear of genetic engineering applications. Futurology contains that disease monitoring, and diagnosis will be facilitated computationally and robotically, and that the efficiency, productivity, and reliability will increase, while their time, damage, and costs will decrease. Conduct future studies recommended uncovering the overlap of each field of genetic techniques with sustainability and comparing efficiency, time, cost, and harm.

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition characterized by persistent difficulties in social communication and interaction together with restricted or repetitive patterns of behavior. Aim: A study of changes in total carnitine levels was associated with clinical improvement after oral carnitine supplementation in children with autism spectrum disorder. Methodology: 120 treatment-naive children aged 3–7 years with Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) scores of 35–50 were allocated equally to L-carnitine syrup (50 mg/kg/day in two divided doses) or matching placebo for six months. Results: CARS and serum total carnitine were assessed at baseline and month 6, and all participants completed follow-up. CARS decreased from 40.83±5.19 to 34.05±5.45 in the L-carnitine group and from 41.12±4.14 to 39.85±4.29 with placebo. The between-group difference in change was −5.52 points (95% CI −6.72 to −4.31; p<0.001; Cohen’s d = −1.66). Serum total carnitine increased from 29.10±9.25 to 50.22±7.24 µmol/L with L-carnitine but remained unchanged with placebo (28.82±6.20 to 28.98±6.19 µmol/L); the between-group difference in change was 20.96 µmol/L (95% CI 19.03 to 22.89; p<0.001). Within the active group, greater carnitine elevation was strongly associated with greater CARS reduction (Pearson r= −0.86, p<0.001). A predefined response of at least a 4-point CARS reduction occurred in 73.3% versus 5.0% of participants. Adverse events were mild and no participant discontinued treatment. Conclusion: Six months of L-carnitine improved serum total carnitine and autism severity relative to placebo, with a strong exposure-response association. Larger multicenter trials are required.

Immunization remains one of the most cost-effective public health interventions for reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. The aim of the study was to assess the immunization coverage and dropout rates among children aged 0–23 months attending a tertiary hospital in Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria. A retrospective descriptive study reviewed routine immunization data extracted from the National Health Management Information System (NHMIS) register from January to December 2021 at the Federal University of Health Sciences Otukpo Teaching Hospital (FUHSO-TH). Data were collated and analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine frequencies, coverage percentages, and dropout rates. A total of 1,344 records were analyzed. The mean immunization coverage across all scheduled vaccines was 77.9%. The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine had the highest coverage (87.9%), while the second dose of the Measles-Containing Vaccine (MCV2) had the lowest (65.4%). The highest dropout rate occurred between BCG and MCV1 (18.1%), followed by MCV1 and MCV2 (9.2%). The study concluded that, while early infant vaccine uptake is encouraging, overall immunization coverage remains suboptimal and falls short of the WHO 90% target. Strengthening community sensitization, defaulter tracking, and implementing reminder systems are essential to improve coverage, particularly for vaccines administered later in infancy.