Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disease that is lifelong and is associated with hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and other dysfunctions of the organs. The antioxidant effect and bioavailability of selenium nanoparticles have been of interest, particularly whereby the nanoparticles have been stabilized using biocompatible polymers such as chitosan. Aim: The study in question was aimed at comparing the effects of metformin and chitosan-selenium nanoparticles (Cs-Se NPs) on biochemical and histopathological levels in an experimental model of type 2 diabetes in rats induced artificially. Materials and Methods: One hundred albino adult rats were separated into 6 groups i.e. control negative, control positive (alloxan induced diabetes), 1.5, 3 and 5mg/kg SCNP treated diabetic and a 500mg/kg metformin treated diabetic group. Alloxan was used to induce diabetes. The UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, SEM, and AFM were used to characterize and synthesize Cs-Se NPs. Findings: The diabetic rats with Alloxan exhibited considerable serum urea, creatinine, liver enzymes, HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL increases and a significant decrease in HDL. Cs–Se NPs treatment caused the most significant dose-related changes in all the biochemical parameters with the dose of 5 mg/kg showing the most significant protective effects, which were similar or even more effective than metformin. Conclusion: Chitosanselenium nanoparticles are powerful antidiabetic agent, antioxidant agent, and organ-protective agent in alloxan-induced type 2 diabetic rats. The increased doses of Cs Se NPs proved to be more effective and thus it can be pointed out that they can serve as an effective nanotherapeutic approach in the management of diabetes and its complications.

Dermatophytosis is a category of superficial fungi infection caused by the keratinophilic fungi, like Trichophyton rubrum, which attacks the conventional antifungal drugs less often. This article compared the antifungal activity of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Senna alata, Ficus carica and Ricinus communis against Trichophyton rubrum isolates obtained on human infections in Babylon Province in Iraq compared with itraconazole. The strongest antifungal activity was availed by Senna alata, aqueous extract and the alcoholic extract of Senna alata, in comparison with itraconazole. Statistical work was done with (One-way ANOVA) that revealed that there were significant differences between extracts (p < 0.05). These results suggest the possibility of Senna alata extract as a natural antifungal agent considering that it is safe, accessible, and can be used as an addition to managing dermatophytosis.

Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) involves the loss of two or more consecutive miscarriages and is a deeply distressing experience for many married women. Beyond the physical implications, RPL often causes significant psychological trauma, affecting emotional well-being, marital relationships, identity, and long-term mental health. Women experiencing repeated miscarriages often undergo intense and prolonged grief. Each loss can reactivate the emotional pain of previous losses, leading to persistent sadness, feelings of emptiness, emotional numbness and difficulty coping with daily activities. The grief is often disenfranchised, meaning society does not fully acknowledge the depth of the loss. This study is aim to evaluate the Psychological Impact of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Among Married Women in South-South Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study involving 250 women. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to participants. The study lasted for a period of 3 months. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25.0 and p < 0.05 was significant. The results revealed that 60% of the participants were stressed, 76% depressed, 68% harassed by their in-laws, 72% humiliated, 80% were not comfortable at their matrimonial homes, and 80% were isolated. The study revealed that recurrent pregnancy loss has profound psychological effects on the married women causing grief, anxiety, depression, guilt, and marital strain, while cultural pressures, harassment from in-laws and identity challenges further intensify emotional suffering.

Approximately sixty percent of the neoplasms that reside in the anterior chest wall are classified as malignant. Chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma are the principal kinds of sternal cancer that are found in the greatest number of patients. Reconstructive procedures for large abnormalities are rarely established, despite the fact that recommendations for resecting these tumors have been published. Full-thickness radical en bloc resection is the alternative treatment that has proven to be the most successful. The large chest wall defect is the most challenging feature of subsequent restoration. This defect is crucial for the preservation of the rigidity of the chest wall as well as the protection of the structures that lie beneath it. The therapy options have been reported using a variety of techniques and materials, but there have been no particular guidelines provided.

Background: Diabetes mellitus affects individuals of all ages and of different socioeconomic status. Skin is affected by the acute metabolic derangements as well as by chronic degenerative complications of diabetes. About 30% complaint from cutaneous manifestations. Aims: To evaluate the presence of skin manifestations in patients with diabetes mellitus. To analyze the pattern of skin disorders among diabetic patients in Mosul city. Materials and Methods: 88 consecutive patients diagnosed diabetes mellitus and having skin lesions, either attending the diabetic clinic (Al-Wafaa diabetes and endocrine center) or admitted in medical wards were included in this study. Results: The results showed that : Diabetic dermopathy (23.86% ), Ulceration (13.63% ), Cellulitis (7.95%),Pruritus (7.95), Xerosis (5.68% ), Tinea pedis (5.68%), Tinea manum (5.68% ), Folliculitis (4.54%), Pityriasis versicolor 2.27%) , Diabetic bullae (2.27%), Granuloma annulare (2.27%), toenails Onychomycosis (2.27%) , Scleroderma diabeticorum (2.27%), Seborrheic keratosis (2.27%), Tinea corporis (2.27%), Keratosis pillaris (2.27%), Skin tags (2.27%), Bacterial infection of nail (2.27%), Boils (2.27%). Conclusion: The commonest skin finding in our diabetic patients was Diabetic dermopathy, the second most prevalence was Ulceration, Cellulitis and pruritus comes after it by, Xerosis, Tinea pedis Tinea manum , Folliculitis have the same distribution Pityriasis versicolor, Tinea corporis, pityrisis versicolor Diabetic bullae, Granuloma annulare, Onychomycosis toenails, Scleroderma diabeticorum, Seborrheic keratosis, Keratosis pillaris, Skin tags, Bacterial infection of nail, Boil. Have the same percentage of affection.

Background: Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSK-US) has become an increasingly popular tool in diagnosing and managing musculoskeletal disorders due to its non-invasive, cost-effective, and real-time imaging capabilities as a practical alternative to conventional methods like MRI. Methods: This systematic review evaluates the effectiveness of MSK-US in orthopedic physiotherapy, adhering to PRISMA guidelines and using the PICO framework. Databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, ClinicalTrials.gov, Google Scholar, and PEDro, were searched for studies published between January 2001 and September 2024. Results: Nine studies, comprising case reports, clinical trials, and observational studies, were included. MSK-US demonstrated a significant reduction in repeat reduction rates (9.2% vs. 24.6%; P = .019) and improved volar tilt measurements (7.6° vs. 3.7°; P = .000). Its use was also effective in imaging muscle tears and treating hemiplegic shoulder pain, with high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing fractures, although accuracy varied depending on the fracture site. Conclusion: Most studies presented a low to moderate risk of bias, according to quality assessments. MSK-US provides high diagnostic accuracy, with sensitivity and specificity rates of 87.3% and 96.4%, respectively, alongside therapeutic benefits and noninvasiveness. These attributes make it a valuable tool in orthopedic physical therapy. However, its effectiveness is highly operator-dependent and condition-specific. Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are necessary to fully validate these findings and confirm MSK-US as an integral tool in orthopedic practice.

Iron deficiency is the leading cause of anemia among populations in industrialized and developing countries throughout the world. Here we will also highlight the heterogeneous etiology of IDA and we will discuss about the mechanisms involved in the clinical presentation, that is to say about diagnostic clues different taking into considerations some specific populations like women, children and elderly. The review also covers new insights into the genetics of IDA, such as iron refractory iron deficiency anemia (IRIDA) and also highlights prevalence of IDA in chronic disease and surgery. The impact of IDA on behaviour and cognition, physical function, quality of life, and pregnancy outcome are highlighted. An awareness of these patterns is important for pre-emption, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.