The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective and curative effects of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed extract (CSE) against STZ-induced pancreatic damage in male Wistar rats. Pancreatic injury was achieved by a single intraperitoneal administration of STZ at 55 mg/kg. Fifty male rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=10) including Normal Control group, Diabetic Control group and three treatment groups (CSE-Low; 250 mg/kg, CSE-High; 500 mg/g, Standard-treatment group; Metformin 150 mg/kg). Biochemical indicators of pancreatic activity, oxidative stress and histopathological alterations were analysed after 28 days of daily oral treatment. Results: CSE significantly (P < 0.05) decreased levels of fasting blood glucose whereas concentrations of serum insulin were found to increase after treatment in a dose dependent manner. In addition, CSE treatment also normalized the activity of pancreatic enzymes (serum amylase and lipase) which were significantly altered in diabetic control group. The pancreatic tissue oxidative stress indicator MDA was markedly decreased, and SOD and CAT were significantly increased. These results showed that Salvia hispanica seed extract has strong antioxidant and antidiabetic activity which provides a significant protection against pancreatic injury that exerted by chia seeds may be attributed to high contents of phenolic compounds, specifically alpha-linolenic acid.

In the our study, focus and designed, to investigation for features histological structure of proventriculus (glandular stomach) of the local Fringillidae family. The samples of the (glandular stomach) proventriculus, were collected after the dissecting, and processed by doing the steps of histological sectioning. The microscopic inspection revealed, the histological structure of glandular stomach wall consists of (four) main layers that was :tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis, tunica serosa. The tunica mucosa composed of deep folds that lined with asimple columnar epithelium, with glandular crypts. In the tunica submucosa present the (tubular gland) that surrounded by thick connective tissue, with present large number of blood vessels. Tunica muscular was consist of smooth muscle layers are arranged as (inner circular, outer longitudinal) layers. Findings of this study was give the scientific information for the normal histological structure of the glandular stomach of the local Fringillidae family.

Background: Passive smoking is a world health problem and part of the tobacco epidemic which victimizes mostly adolescents. Epidemiological studies have, essentially, addressed the association between passive smoke exposure and respiratory health in adult population, and increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) & lung cancer among adult nonsmokers. Relatively few studies have been reported on lung function in relation to effects of passive smoking among nonsmoking individuals. Objective: To investigate the effects of passive smoking on lung functions among individuals in urban region. Materials and Method: The present study was composed of smokers, passive smokers (control), aged between 17 and 25 years. Sixty healthy individuals were placed in two different groups on the basis of questionnaire (Group A: active smoker, Group B: passive smoker). Study was done with the help of computerized spirometry (spiroexcel). Results: FVC, FEV1, PEFR, FEF25-75%, FEV1/FVC% values were significantly decreased in passive smokers as compared to smokers individuals (P<0.001, P<0.05). Conclusions: The present study suggests a significant reduction of lung functions in individuals exposed to passive smoke.

In this work, aquatic plants Lemina minor were exposed to varying concentrations of cobalt [10, 20, and 30 mg/L] for a month in order to measure the amount of total chlorophyll and its protein content. This was done to evaluate the effects of various salt concentrations on the physiological states of the plants. The investigation's conclusions showed that the amounts of the components in the water plants used for the research rose in a different way than in the control sample as the study came to an end. We examined the levels of protein and chlorophyll in water plants exposed to heavy metals.

The objective of this study was to measure the concentration of total chlorophyll and its protein content by exposing aquatic plants Lemina minor to varying concentrations of heavy elements [10, 20, and 30 mg/L] for a month in order to evaluate the effects of these salt concentrations on the physiological conditions of the plants. The results of the investigation showed that the concentrations of the components in the water plants used for the analysis rose toward the end of the study in a different manner than in the control sample. The response of water plants exposed to heavy metals was examined in terms of their protein and chlorophyll contents.

The present work was designed to investigate the characteristic features of histological changes that occurred in juxtaglomerular apparatus development of local domestic Iraqi sheep embryo and lambs Awasi sheep (Ovis aris) at different during gestation stages until birth. To conduct this goal, firstly the prenatal specimens from sheep embryo collected from 12 female's pregnant ewe at three different ages of 40 and 120 days prenatal and 30 day postnatal (four fetuses, lamb for each group), then used Routine histological stain haematoxyline and Eosin stain (H&E). Result show the juxtaglomerular apparatus development in the current study appeared in the Microscopic examination of kidney samples at 40 day age the juxtaglomerular apparatus was not developed in first trimesters of gestation in renal corpuscles and the embryo at 120 day age show The juxtaglomerular apparatus evolution became clear and relatively complete that consists of macula densa cells as row of cell in position in distal tubules and juxtaglomerular cells become clear and large nuclei and the lacis cell (mesangial cells) become more prominent in renal corpuscle that formed firstly histological. While the juxtaglomerular apparatus at 30 days postnatal of sheep it Very clear histological differentiation with higher cells that content elongated nuclei of macula densa cells, The presence of more mature juxtaglomerular cells near the entrance of the glomerulus was noted.

Infertility is a global health concern, with growing evidence suggesting that environmental and toxic chemicals contribute significantly to its prevalence. Propoxur, a widely used pesticide for controlling mosquitoes, insects, and pests, has been implicated in gonadotoxicity, primarily through oxidative stress mechanisms affecting male reproductive organs. This study investigates the protective effect of alpha-tocopherol on propoxur-induced gonadotoxicity in male Wistar rats, focusing on biochemical markers, hormonal levels, and histological alterations in the testes. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n=5 per group): Control (Group I), Propoxur-treated (Group II), Alpha-tocopherol-treated (Group III), and Propoxur plus Alpha-tocopherol-treated (Group IV). Biochemical assays, oxidative stress markers—including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)—and histological analyses were conducted. Propoxur administration resulted in a significant increase in MDA and ROS levels (P<0.05), alongside a significant reduction in SOD activity (P<0.05), indicating oxidative stress-induced damage. Histological examination of testes from the propoxur-treated group revealed pronounced disruption of the seminiferous tubules. In contrast, co-administration of alpha-tocopherol significantly attenuated these alterations, as evidenced by restored antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced lipid peroxidation, and preserved testicular architecture. Alpha-tocopherol demonstrates a protective effect against propoxur-induced gonadotoxicity by mitigating oxidative stress and reversing histological damage to the seminiferous tubules. These findings suggest its potential therapeutic role in protecting male reproductive health against environmental toxicants.