Infertility is a global health concern, with growing evidence suggesting that environmental and toxic chemicals contribute significantly to its prevalence. Propoxur, a widely used pesticide for controlling mosquitoes, insects, and pests, has been implicated in gonadotoxicity, primarily through oxidative stress mechanisms affecting male reproductive organs. This study investigates the protective effect of alpha-tocopherol on propoxur-induced gonadotoxicity in male Wistar rats, focusing on biochemical markers, hormonal levels, and histological alterations in the testes. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups (n=5 per group): Control (Group I), Propoxur-treated (Group II), Alpha-tocopherol-treated (Group III), and Propoxur plus Alpha-tocopherol-treated (Group IV). Biochemical assays, oxidative stress markers—including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reactive oxygen species (ROS)—and histological analyses were conducted. Propoxur administration resulted in a significant increase in MDA and ROS levels (P<0.05), alongside a significant reduction in SOD activity (P<0.05), indicating oxidative stress-induced damage. Histological examination of testes from the propoxur-treated group revealed pronounced disruption of the seminiferous tubules. In contrast, co-administration of alpha-tocopherol significantly attenuated these alterations, as evidenced by restored antioxidant enzyme activity, reduced lipid peroxidation, and preserved testicular architecture. Alpha-tocopherol demonstrates a protective effect against propoxur-induced gonadotoxicity by mitigating oxidative stress and reversing histological damage to the seminiferous tubules. These findings suggest its potential therapeutic role in protecting male reproductive health against environmental toxicants.

The effects of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn) pollution on soil physicochemical characteristics, including pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), electrical conductivity (EC), and organic matter (OM), are examined in greater detail in this study. We used soils exposed to increasing concentrations of heavy metals, two ornamental plant species (Acacia and Nerium), and unplanted controls in our three-month-long trials. The results showed a distinct trend of soil acidification with increasing metal concentrations, particularly in the presence of cadmium stress. While Pb and Zn caused minor decreases in CEC values that were not statistically significant, we saw a considerable decline in CEC values in soils polluted with Cd, especially in the unplanted groups. With no discernible variations, EC values increased slightly across all treatments but remained within acceptable bounds. Similarly, when metal levels increased over time, the amount of organic matter reduced, but this impact was more noticeable in soils that were polluted with Cd. Nerium continuously fared better than Acacia among the plant species in preserving greater CEC and OM levels. However, only the CEC under Cd contamination (Table 4) exhibited significant variations across treatments, whereas the remaining metrics showed no statistical significance, according to our statistical analyses using the LSD test (P<0.05). These findings highlight the need of carrying out long-term phytoremediation studies to get a deeper comprehension of the sustainable function of ornamental plants in heavy metal-contaminated soils.

Background: Intrauterine insemination (IUI), whether administered with or without ovarian stimulation, is regarded as a first-line intervention among assisted reproductive technologies for the treatment of infertility. The growing success rates associated with this technique have led many infertile couples to consider it as a preferred initial therapeutic option. Aim of Sutdy: This study aimed to generate local data to evaluate the relationship between immunological markers—such as Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) and antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL)—as well as follicular parameters, endometrial thickness, and waist-to-hip ratio, with intrauterine insemination (IUI) outcomes. The ultimate goal was to improve infertility treatment strategies within the Iraqi community, particularly given the limited local research available in Kirkuk. Methods: The study involved 96 infertile women who underwent intrauterine insemination (IUI) from December 2023 to February 2025. The association between the variables and pregnancy rates was analyzed using appropriate statistical methods. Results: Significant differences in follicle size were observed between IUI responders and non-responders across all age groups except the oldest. Endometrial thickness on insemination day differed significantly only in the two older groups. Other variables—number of oocytes, TNF, aPL, and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)—showed no significant differences across all ages. Conclusion: The pregnancy rate decreases with the reduction of both endometrial thickness and follicle size, which may reduce the effectiveness of IUI in women experiencing these conditions. Conclusion: IUI outcomes are influenced by immunological and physiological characteristics, necessitating the management of related conditions before proceeding with IUI treatment.

This study was conducted at Al-Qassim Green University, Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Anatomy and Histology Branch. The experiment was designed to study the uterus of awassi sheep fetuses where take (16) samples sheep fetuses in prenatal stages are distributing into two groups: (second and third trimester of gestation) according to the gestational age, which is determined depending on the crown rump length (CRL) and divided into group I at (90) days of gestation and Group II at (140) days of gestation, containing (8) fetus each group to record the developmental changes in the uterus. In the first group (90) days the uterus appear muscular tubular organ and small in size with thin translucent wall composed of a short body and two short pointed uterine horns that highly attachment with uterine body and finally uterine cervix that has about (5-6) incompletely developed primitive folds that continuous directly with vagina while histological appear uterus wall composed of four undeferential the inner lining epithelium, sub- epithelium layer, primitive musculares layer and outer sub-musculares layer and lumen appear tubular irregular wide comparatively with the next stage. In the second group (140) days, appear the uterus more differentiation and development than pervious stage that appear tubular organ small in size relatively with thick wall comparatively with second trimester of gestation, composed of short uterine body and two short pointed uterine horns and finally uterine cervix that has about (5-6) rings folds connect directly with vagina, While histological, the uterine wall consists of four layer more differentiation: the inner lining epithelium, pluripotential blastemic tissue layer, muscular layer and outer serosa layer, the lumen less wide and deepest portion of the internodular areas expanded parallel with the nodular surface.

The objective of this study was to extract different levels of heavy metal salts, such iron and chromium, from a few aquatic plants, including Elodea Canadensis and Myriophyllum verticillatum, over the course of a month. The results showed that the components' concentrations in the test aquatic plants rose at the conclusion of the research in a different way from those in the control sample.

Otodectes cynotis is a common parasitic mite affecting cats and dogs, primarily inhabiting the ear canal, where it causes otitis externa, itching, and potentially severe complications. Despite its clinical significance, data regarding its prevalence and identification in cats within Babylon City remain limited and incomplete. This study aimed to detect and identify Otodectes cynotis in cats using both light and electron microscopy, with identification based on morphological characteristics. A total of 150 cats of various ages and both sexes were examined across different regions of Babylon City during the period from October 2024 and March 2025 Clinical inspection and microscopic examination revealed that 91 out of 150 cats (60.66%) were infested with Otodectes cynotis. Samples were collected from six main areas: Al-Musayyab, Al-Mahawil, Al-Hillah Center, Al-Qasim, Al-Kifl, and Al-Hamza Al-Gharbi, Microscopic analysis confirmed that Otodectes cynotis was the soil mite species detected. Infestation rates were higher in female cats compared to males, and in younger cats (aged 1 to 6 months) compared to older cats (1 year and above). Geographically, the central region of Babylon Governorate exhibited the highest infestation rate, followed by the northern and southern areas, respectively. This study represents the first microscopic identification of Otodectes cynotis in cats in Babylon Province, Iraq, and highlights the need for improved hygiene and veterinary practices to control the spread of this parasite.

These results found differences in the jejunum and ilium of post hatching and adult Columba Livia in terms of morphological and histochemical aspects. the jejunum is longest part of small intestine and it was cone shape, it is starting at the proximal end of ascending duodenum to the ileum, it was consisted of centripetal, centrifugal coli and central flexure called spiral loop and suspended by mesentery called mesojejunum. It reddish- brown color. the ileum is third and short part of small intestine reddish color and it is continuing with jejunum to the end of ileo-cecal junction. Histological, the jejunum and ilium was consisting of four layer mucosa, sub-mucosa, muscularis, serosa. The tunica mucosa consisted from of villi, lamina propria and muscularis mucosa, the villi was finger like and not-branched, each villus was covered by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells. The crypt of lieberkuhn also called intestinal gland were located in the basal of each villus. The thickness of tunica mucosa of jejunum in post and adult was high at level P˂0.05 vs thickness of tunica mucosa of ilium in post and adult. The tunica sub-mucosa was thin layer that form connective tissue and collagen fiber. The tunica muscularis was thick layer made from inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer, the thickness of muscular of jejunum in post was high at level P˂0.05 vs adult. While the thickness of ilium in adult was high at the level P˂0.05 Vs post hatching. The serosa layer was thin of simple epithelium layer which contain blood vessels, nerve and adipose tissue.