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Women who are yet to marry are not happy and are faced by several degrees of psychological trauma such as isolation, low self-esteem, depression, anxiety, shame, loneliness and family pressure. Psychological factors affecting reproductive-aged women who are yet to marry are shaped by a mix of individual emotions, societal expectations, cultural norms, and life experiences. One of the most dominant psychological factors is marriage pressure. This study aimed to Assess Psychological Factors Affecting Reproductive-Aged Women Who Are Yet to Marry In South-South Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study involving 250 women. Participants’ age is between 18 to 40 years and above. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to participants. The study lasted for a period of 3 months. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25.0 and p < 0.05 was significant. The study revealed that 60% of the participants were between 35 and 39 years old, 68% had tertiary education, 60% residence in the city, 60% not in a relationship, 80% are under family pressure to get married, 80% are not comfortable, 76% feel pressured to marry after her friend’s marriage, 80% are anxious of not being married, 76% said remaining unmarried affects my self-esteem, 76% feel emotionally unstable, 80% feel lonely, 76% are not happy been single, 80% agreed that fear of divorce or marital problem affects my decision to marry, 76% had depression, 68% faced isolation, 80% are ashamed of themselves. The study shows that majority of the participants are facing different degrees of psychological trauma.

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Anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent mental health conditions worldwide and are commonly understood within biomedical frameworks as arising from complex interactions of genetic, neurobiological, psychosocial and environmental factors. Although existing treatments, including pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy, can alleviate symptoms, they often fail to provide definitive or preventive solutions for all patients. The persistence of unexplained symptoms and treatment-resistant cases suggests that additional underlying mechanisms may exist beyond current scientific models. Therefore, this study explores a Dharma-based perspective, as articulated in the Guan Yin Citta Dharma Door, which attributes anxiety disorders to karmic and spiritual causes. Through analysis of practitioner-reported cases and question-and-answer records, this study examines the potential therapeutic effects of practices such as vow-making, Buddhist Scripture recitation, and life release. The findings indicate a consistent pattern of perceived symptom alleviation and recovery following sustained engagement in these practices. These results suggest that Dharma-based interventions may offer a complementary, holistic approach to understanding and managing anxiety disorders, warranting further systematic investigation.

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Background: Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders observed among patients suffering from chronic medical illnesses. The coexistence of depression with chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can significantly worsen clinical outcomes, reduce treatment adherence, and impair quality of life. Early detection and management of depression in such patients are therefore essential. Aim and Objectives: To determine the prevalence of depression among patients with chronic medical illnesses and to evaluate its association with various demographic and clinical factors. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry, Geetanjali Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, over a period of 6 months. A total of 50 patients with chronic medical illnesses were included in the study. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a structured proforma, and depression was assessed using a standardized depression screening scale. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the association between depression and different variables. Results: The prevalence of depression among patients with chronic medical illness was 42%. Depression was more common among female patients and those with longer duration of illness (≥5 years), showing statistically significant associations. Variables such as age group, socioeconomic status, marital status, and type of chronic illness did not show statistically significant associations with depression. Conclusion: Depression is highly prevalent among patients with chronic medical illnesses and is influenced by several demographic and clinical factors. Routine screening and early psychiatric intervention are essential for improving treatment outcomes and overall quality of life.

Background: Visual Imagery is one of the extensively studied properties of human mind. Few of the previous studies showed centrifugal modulation of retinal ERG during visual imagery and few others showed activation of different brain areas. In the present study simultaneous electrical activation of retina and visual cortex during visual imagery was recorded in the absence of light and the characteristics of the ERG and VEP waveforms were studied. Methods: Ten healthy right-handed volunteers in the age group 25-30 years were involved in a free imagination task. Flat EEG electrodes connected to skin surface near eyes and the scalp were used to acquire ERG and EEG. Using the LabChart pro v8.9.1 software the amplitudes and times of ERG, VEP, and b waves were calculated and presented as median values. Temporal association between the activation of left and right eyes and left eye and visual cortex was studied. Results: Pattern Reversal type VEP with amplitude of 21.79μV [IQR 15.44-28.06] from O2 and 19.99μV [IQR 15.68-29.97] from Oz were recorded from the scalp EEG. ERG, with amplitude 69.66μV [IQR 44.34-144.68] was predominantly recorded from left eye and b waves from right eye. ERG in left eye was followed by b waves in right eye by a time gap of 279.44±8.68ms mean value. VEP from O2 were observed to follow ERG from left eye with variable times. Conclusions: Analysis of retinal signals suggest possible photoreceptor and postsynaptic cell activation, probably Bipolar cells, during visual imagery. VEP recoding suggests that, after centrifugal retinal activation, free visual imagery follows the visual pathway to reach the cortex. Retina hence is considered as a two-way transducer.