This research included a comprehensive (micro-phenotypic) pollen study that included 8 wild plant species are (P.bornmuelleri, P.curviscapum, P.polychaetum, P.tauricola, P.pavoninum, P.rhoeas var. himerense, P.rhoeas var. strigosum and P.setigerum) belonging to the genus Papaver of the Papaveraceae family growing in middle and northern Iraq. The samples were collected during 2023-2024 growing season. Approximately 17 field tours were carried out, including the central and northern governorates, in addition to a comprehensive survey of preserved herbarium samples in the Iraqi National Herbarium and other universities Herbarium for detection. Pollen grains were examined for the arrangement of species using a Light Microscope (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was found that the all of pollen grains were of the tricolpate type, and the species were classified based on the number of apertures and colpi and pollen grain shape, and its size varied between small and medium size (P.curviscapum, P.rhoeas var. himerense, P.rhoeas var. strigosum were medium size) and (P.bornmuelleri, P.polychaetum, P.tauricola, P.pavoninum and P.setigerum were small size), in addition to studying the surface ornamentation of the external grain wall (exine ornamentation).

The study set out to examine the pancreas' histological structure and some of its histochemical, immune-histochemical characteristics in the Gull Chroicocephalus Genei. Eight mature Gulls were bought from Baghdad's Al-Gazal market. The animals were sacrificed, and the pancreas isolated, and prepared the general histological components were demonstrated by staining with Harris Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E). Some special histochemical stains were used, Mallory Trichrome (MT), Azan (Az), Periodic acid Schiff (Pas), Alcian blue (Ab), and Sudan black (Sb). In addition, some immunohistochemical stains were used, including polyclonal guinea pig anti-insulin, polyclonal guinea pig anti-glucagon, and polyclonal rabbit anti-somatostatin for microscopic examination. The results showed that the pancreas is surrounded by thin-connective tissue capsule, around the pancreatic-acini, which are exocrine commponents that contain neutral muco-poly-saccharides, and have intra-lobular, interlobular, and main ducts which lined by simple low cuboidal to low columnar epithelium which haven’t neutral muco-poly-saccharides, blood vessels, and islets of Langerhans, known as endocrine parts that contain acidic muco-poly-saccharides. The pancreas has a moderate amount of the collagen, reticular fibers, and lacks lipids. The pancreatic endocrine components have different-sized cells, includeing glucagon-generating alpha-cells, insulin-generating beta-cells, and somatostatin-generating delta-cells. The study concluded that there are different fine structural details of the gull’s pancreas of other birds.

The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence, distribution and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria isolates obtained on different Body Fluids. Clinical samples analyzed were 308 clinical samples, comprising of blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and pleural fluid. Bacterial isolates have been determined and their distribution was evaluated as per sample type, age grouping and patient sex. More distribution isolates were tested in relation to antimicrobial susceptibility. Among 308 samples, 126 (39.6), were positive and highest positivity rate was reported in blood (64.6). Staphylococcus aureus (n=28), S. hominis (n=23), and S. haemolyticus (n=18) were the most common of all. The etiological picture depended on sample type: Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) dominated blood cultures whereas a co-dominant S. aureus (24.0%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (24.0) was also a worrying situation in CSF cultures. There were no statistically significant differences in the age distribution and sex of the patients of the isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that there was a high prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA, 64.3) and Methicillin-Resistant CoNS. In addition, A. baumannii showed alarming resistance (87.5%) to carbapenems. Importantly, all Staphylococcus species were completely susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. The results demonstrate that there is a large presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, especially at such critical locations as CSF, with a high prevalence of MRSA/MRCoNS and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) A. baumannii. Such findings stress the necessity of active local monitoring to educate empirical treatment rules and enhance the processes of preventing infections.

Since bioremediation of pesticides is environmentally safe, economical, and efficient, it is now the preferred option. The purpose of the study was to assess the Pseudomonas sp. Bioremediation Chemosate at various concentrations (10,20,30) ppm and incubation times. The isolation of the Pseudomonas sp from the soil region in Baghdad grows on Pseudomonas selective at room conditions for (18-48) hours at 35 Ċ. Pseudomonas sp. are the bacteria that are produced when soil samples are diluted using selective media. Because glycerol was added to the culture as a reagent, isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced a strong strain with green-blue. It was then grown on mineral salt media as a source to examine the biodegradation for (10,20,30) ppm during (10,20,30) days to count the bacterial growth. The best results were 20 ppm/0.729, 20 days incubation, while the best Pseudomonas areuginosa degradation rate% was 10 ppm/97.5%, 10 days. The HPLC results showed that 10 ppm at 10 days produced the optimum bio-degradation results.

Gallstone disease (GD) is a common disorder worldwide. That Affecting variable age and gender categories, most of them are female gender (about 2-3 times higher than male). The influence of female sex hormones on the development of gallstones is well established. Therefore, the study focused on the extent of the relationship between gallstone disease and female hormones. The study included (100) Iraqi female patients with gallstone disease, aged (18±65) years. These female patients were referred to the Department of Immunology/ Medical City in Baghdad province/ Iraq during the time period (from Oct 2024 to Jan 2025). We concluded that the gallstone disease hormones tests in the included sample of female patients was high than the controls, Accordingly Incidence of gallstones disease was positively correlated to Gender and Sex hormones. Our aim to make a clear insight about the relationship between different female hormones and thyroxin to determine the dangerous factors associated with progression of gallstones.

In the process of identifying and quantifying its volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the GC-MS is commonly used in the study of the Apium graveolens otherwise known as celery. Lepidium sativum commonly referred to as garden cress is a herb that has drawn the attention of many GC-MS studies in order to establish the chemical make up of it. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is among the efficient techniques and it entails separation and identification of substances based on the boiling points and mass spectrums. This enlightens the chemical compounds of celery that might have been the source of any possible therapeutic or aromatic use. The GC/MS test established Lepidium sativum and Apium graveolens. It was identified by the mass spectrometry and comparing the sample spectral pattern with the samples in the library of Chem. station. This research was carried out to determine the molecular formula and structure of phytocompounds of plants A. graveolens and L. sativum. As a result, the GC-MS analysis is used as the beginning of the analysis of the active principles in A. graveolens and L. sativum. The results of this research study have been utilized in manufacturing of most of the present-day drugs. Ascorbic acid, beta- Ocimene, Neophytadiene, and 2-hydroxy-3 -(2-methylphenoxy) propanoic acid, 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-mannitol, 9-Octadecenamide, Furancarboxaldehyde, Cyclopentene-1, 3 -dione, are among bioactive substances that are present in the two plants. The presence of phytochemicals of A. graveolens and L. sativum may be explained by the disease control. Apium graveolens leaves extract (Methanol, Ethanol fraction and standards) and its antioxidant activity against Nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, hydroxyl radicals and Hydroxyl radical scavenging. The extracts were recorded as different types and were (695.07±30.05), (644.71±28.04) and Gallic acid (standard) (851.15±35.99) respectively in the Apium graveolens and Lepidium sativum against the Peroxynitrite scavenging respectively. Compared to the Hydroxyl radical scavenging potential, recorded (295.06±23.09), (223.00±16.05) and Mannitol (standard) (527.91±30.08) respectively in Apium graveolens and Lepidium sativum respectively. At the same time note (35.09±2.34), (19.00±2.07), and Curcumin (standard) (66.54±4.69) respectively in Apium graveolens and (57.00±2.09), (33.91±2.08) and Curcumin (standard) (70.00±4.08) respectively in the Nitric oxide radical scavenging potential.

The most common cancer that has been diagnosed and one of the major causes of cancer related deaths among women in Iraq is breast cancer. This review paper focuses on the burden, determinants, and healthcare response to breast cancer through national registry data, peer-reviewed literature and recent reports of the Ministry of Health (2010-2025). The results indicate a gradual increase in incidence, especially in women aged 40-49 years, and the majority of the cases occurring at advanced stages (III-IV). Comparatively high mortality rates and low survival rates can be attributed to late diagnosis, low rates of screening coverage and regional differences in diagnostic and treatment potential. Hormonal and reproductive patterns, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and limited awareness coupled by the sociocultural barriers and conflict related disruptions constitute the risk factors. Although data systems and oncology infrastructure have improved, there still exist large gaps, particularly in the areas of pathology services, radiotherapy access, workforce training, and psychosocial and palliative care. The WHO, IAEA, EMPHNET and NGOs have been able to enhance completeness of registries and pilot early-detection programs, but there is uneven implementation. Improving early-detection measures, decentralization of treatment and diagnostic centers, maintaining constant availability of drugs and incorporation of psychological support is an issue of emergency. The review concludes with the fact that long-term investment, policy coordination, and capacity-building can be needed to attain equitable breast cancer control and enhance the survival rate and quality of life of Iraqi women.