Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a prevalent endocrine and metabolic condition, is frequently considered a principal cause of anovulatory infertility in women. The pathophysiology of PCOS is intricate and affected by various factors. Recent research indicates that disruption in energy metabolism and oxidative stress are critical factors in abnormal follicular growth and reduced fertility in people with PCOS. The present study aimed to evaluated level of glutathione, catalase, malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8- OHdG) in PCOS women. The study had a total of 90 samples, with 60 of them being diagnosed with PCOS and the remaining 30 serving as controls. The age range of the participants was between 20 and 45 years. The patients were admitted to both Tikrit Teaching Hospital and a private hospital in Tikrit. The present study demonstrated decrease level of glutathione and catalase in PCOS as compared with control at p-value < 0.05. While increase level of MDA and 8-OHdG in PCOs as compared with control, at p-value < 0.05. Conclusion: The current investigation has shown that serum glutathione and catalase levels were reduced in women with PCOS. Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome exhibit elevated oxidative stress.

Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread zoonotic parasite and a known factor contributing to recurrent abortion. This cross-sectional study, conducted in Tikrit City, Iraq from November 2023 to June 2024, aimed to evaluate the relationship between T. gondii infection and serum interleukins IL-7, IL-17, and IL-27 in women with recurrent abortion. Sixty women aged 20-45 years were enrolled, including 30 seropositive cases and 30 healthy controls. The overall seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 28.3%, with chronic IgG positivity being the most common. Serum IL-7, IL-17, and IL-27 levels were significantly elevated in infected women compared with control (p<0.005). These findings suggest that increased cytokine levels may contribute to immune dysregulation associated with recurrent abortion. Routine screening and immunological monitoring may help reduce pregnancy loss among high-risk women.

The present study on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection from October 2025 until the April 2026, was conducted among children aged (2 months to 18 years) years admitted Tikrit teaching hospital in Tikrit city were suffering from diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders. 872 specimen were choosen randomly and examined, A total of 350 parasite stool specimens from patients with gastrointestinal disorders and 307 (87.7%) samples from infected patients with protozoa and samples from infected patients with helminthes 43(12.29%) examined under a microscope. The collected samples were distributed total protozoa the major occurrence frequency was Giardia lambilia 134 (38.3%), followed by Entamoeba histolytica in a percentage of 97 (27.7%) and Cryptosporidium parvum in a percentage of 76 (21.7%) respectively. As well as, recorded as the percentage of total helminthes isolates in patients suffering from disorders and diseases of the digestive system showed Ascaris lumbricoides a percentage 34 (9.7%) isolated from the stool sample, While Enterobius vermicularis recorded in 9 (2.5%) in patients with gastrointestinal disorders. The gender group with the highest average range of the Male patient group with intestinal parasite infected 187 (40.2%). Additionally, the distribution of participants across gender group is displayed in the same table, which also showed Female patient group with intestinal parasite infected 163 (40.0%). Conclusion: These findings highlight the substantial burden of IPIs among Tikrit city preschool and school-aged children, with Giardia lambilia infection was major occurrence frequency associated with intestinal disorder. As well as Protozoa and Helminthes infection were increased in 6-11 age groups and was high in male than female groups identified in this study.

Lead (Pb) is a hazardous substance due to its ability to bioaccumulate in living organisms; therefore, lead is highly detrimental to human health and the environment. The objective of this study was to examine the histopathological effects of lead acetate treatment on liver and kidney tissues in mice. METHODS: Mice (n = 20, 10 per group) were randomly assigned to either a control group (standard laboratory conditions) or lead acetate-treated group (50 mg/kg) for 30 days. All mice were housed under controlled temperature and light-cycle conditions and provided standard chow and tap water. After the experimental period, the liver and kidney tissues were removed and immediately immersed in 10% neutral buffered formalin (NBF). The tissues were embedded in paraffin blocks and sectioned at 5 µm. The sections were stained using Hematoxylin-Eosin, Periodic Acid-Schiff, and silver stains. Results obtained from all examinations indicated alterations in tissue structure and metabolism. Both liver and kidney tissues demonstrated destruction of normal architecture and degenerative cytoplasmic changes. Kidney tissues showed necrotic renal tubular cells, degenerative changes in the epithelial lining of the renal tubules, and deposition of cellular debris within the glomeruli. PAS staining indicated a significant reduction in glycogen content within hepatic cells. Tissue injury was also evident due to the disorganized appearance of tissues and fragmentation of extracellular matrix components, which were assessed using silver stains. To summarize, lead acetate induced histopathological and histochemical changes in liver and kidney tissues associated with disruption of normal organ structure and function.

Background: The rapid emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), especially strains isolated from wounds, represent a major clinical challenge worldwide. This study aims to elucidate the molecular basis of eugenol’s activity by investigating its binding interactions with key therapeutic targets in S. aureus, also evaluating the antibacterial effect of Clove extract on pathogenic S. aureus. Methods: Swabs from wound infection were taken and cultured on Blood, MacConkey and mannitol agar, then incubated in 37 C for 24 hours. The obtained S. aureus isolates then used for plant extract antibacterial tests. The ethanolic extract of Clove plant (Syzygium aromaticum) by mean of three concentrations (25, 50 and 75 mg/dl) were used to evaluate their antibacterial efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus that isolated from wound infection. By using the molecular docking, the molecular basis of eugenol’s activity were elucidate by investigating its binding interactions with key therapeutic targets in S. aureus: Penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a, PDB ID: 1VQQ), Beta-lactamase (PDB ID: 6WGR), Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR, PDB ID: 6PR6), and the CHAP domain of lysin L1 (PDB ID: 11CF). Results: The results showed that large inhibition diameter (27 mm) was observed surrounding the high concentration of plant extract (75 mg/dL), followed by 50 mg/dl with (23mm), and 20 mg/dl (18mm). The negative control didn’t showed any zone of inhibition. The molecular docking study revealed moderate to good binding affinities of eugenol with the selected S. aureus proteins, with Vina scores ranging from -5.5 to -6.2 kcal/mol. Eugenol exhibited the strongest binding at -6.2 kcal/mol Conclusion: The high concentration of Clove extract exhibits good efficiency against S. aureus. Molecular docking supports these findings by investigating favorable interaction between Eugenol and bacterial essential protein. These revealed that Clove plant with their bioactive compounds has a potential role as antibacterial agents against pathogenic bacteria.

Vicia faba (faba bean) is a globally significant cool-season grain legume valued for its high protein content, nitrogen-fixing capacity, and adaptability to diverse agro-climatic conditions. However, abiotic stresses, particularly drought, severely constrain its productivity. Transcription factors of the MYC2 superfamily play pivotal roles in regulating plant responses to abiotic stress, including drought tolerance. This study presents an integrated bioinformatics pipeline to identify, characterize, and analyze putative drought stress-responsive MYC2 genes in V. faba. Using Arabidopsis thaliana MYC2 (UniProt: Q39204) as a reference, we performed homology-based screening against the V. faba genome via Ensembl Plants BLAST. Candidate sequences underwent rigorous physicochemical profiling (ProtParam), conserved domain analysis (NCBI-CDD), motif elucidation (MEME Suite), phylogenetic reconstruction (MEGA), gene structure visualization (GSDS), and subcellular localization prediction (WoLF PSORT). Iterative filtering based on domain architecture and motif conservation yielded a high-confidence set of MYC2 candidates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed diversification across evolutionary clades, with evidence of legume-specific expansion. The majority of candidates exhibited predicted nuclear localization, acidic to mildly basic isoelectric points, and thermostable aliphatic indices consistent with transcriptional regulatory functions. Gene structural analysis revealed intron-exon architectural diversity, suggesting evolutionary divergence and potential alternative splicing regulation. This work establishes a foundational genomic framework for understanding MYC2-mediated drought stress signaling in faba bean and identifies candidate targets for future functional validation and translational breeding toward drought-tolerant cultivars.

Vitis vinifera (grapevine) is a globally significant fruit crop valued for its economic importance, nutritional properties, and adaptability to diverse agro-climatic conditions. However, abiotic stresses, particularly soil salinization, severely constrain its productivity and fruit quality. Transcription factors of the WRKY superfamily play pivotal roles in regulating plant responses to abiotic stress, including salt tolerance. This study presents an integrated bioinformatics pipeline to identify, characterize, and analyze putative salt stress-responsive WRKY genes in V. vinifera. Using Arabidopsis thaliana WRKY8 (UniProt: Q9FL26) as a reference, we performed homology-based screening against the V. vinifera genome via Ensembl Plants BLAST. Candidate sequences underwent rigorous physicochemical profiling (ProtParam), conserved domain analysis (NCBI-CDD), motif elucidation (MEME Suite), phylogenetic reconstruction (MEGA), gene structure visualization (GSDS), and subcellular localization prediction (WoLF PSORT). Iterative filtering based on domain architecture and motif conservation yielded a high-confidence set of WRKY candidates. Phylogenetic analysis revealed diversification across Groups I, II, and III, with evidence of grapevine-specific expansion in Group III. The majority of candidates exhibited predicted nuclear localization, acidic to mildly basic isoelectric points, and thermostable aliphatic indices consistent with transcriptional regulatory functions. Gene structural analysis revealed intron-exon architectural diversity, suggesting evolutionary divergence and potential alternative splicing regulation. This work establishes a foundational genomic framework for understanding WRKY-mediated salt stress signaling in grapevine and identifies candidate targets for future functional validation and translational breeding toward salinity-tolerant cultivars.