Gallstone disease (GD) is a common disorder worldwide. That Affecting variable age and gender categories, most of them are female gender (about 2-3 times higher than male). The influence of female sex hormones on the development of gallstones is well established. Therefore, the study focused on the extent of the relationship between gallstone disease and female hormones. The study included (100) Iraqi female patients with gallstone disease, aged (18±65) years. These female patients were referred to the Department of Immunology/ Medical City in Baghdad province/ Iraq during the time period (from Oct 2024 to Jan 2025). We concluded that the gallstone disease hormones tests in the included sample of female patients was high than the controls, Accordingly Incidence of gallstones disease was positively correlated to Gender and Sex hormones. Our aim to make a clear insight about the relationship between different female hormones and thyroxin to determine the dangerous factors associated with progression of gallstones.

In the process of identifying and quantifying its volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the GC-MS is commonly used in the study of the Apium graveolens otherwise known as celery. Lepidium sativum commonly referred to as garden cress is a herb that has drawn the attention of many GC-MS studies in order to establish the chemical make up of it. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is among the efficient techniques and it entails separation and identification of substances based on the boiling points and mass spectrums. This enlightens the chemical compounds of celery that might have been the source of any possible therapeutic or aromatic use. The GC/MS test established Lepidium sativum and Apium graveolens. It was identified by the mass spectrometry and comparing the sample spectral pattern with the samples in the library of Chem. station. This research was carried out to determine the molecular formula and structure of phytocompounds of plants A. graveolens and L. sativum. As a result, the GC-MS analysis is used as the beginning of the analysis of the active principles in A. graveolens and L. sativum. The results of this research study have been utilized in manufacturing of most of the present-day drugs. Ascorbic acid, beta- Ocimene, Neophytadiene, and 2-hydroxy-3 -(2-methylphenoxy) propanoic acid, 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-mannitol, 9-Octadecenamide, Furancarboxaldehyde, Cyclopentene-1, 3 -dione, are among bioactive substances that are present in the two plants. The presence of phytochemicals of A. graveolens and L. sativum may be explained by the disease control. Apium graveolens leaves extract (Methanol, Ethanol fraction and standards) and its antioxidant activity against Nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, hydroxyl radicals and Hydroxyl radical scavenging. The extracts were recorded as different types and were (695.07±30.05), (644.71±28.04) and Gallic acid (standard) (851.15±35.99) respectively in the Apium graveolens and Lepidium sativum against the Peroxynitrite scavenging respectively. Compared to the Hydroxyl radical scavenging potential, recorded (295.06±23.09), (223.00±16.05) and Mannitol (standard) (527.91±30.08) respectively in Apium graveolens and Lepidium sativum respectively. At the same time note (35.09±2.34), (19.00±2.07), and Curcumin (standard) (66.54±4.69) respectively in Apium graveolens and (57.00±2.09), (33.91±2.08) and Curcumin (standard) (70.00±4.08) respectively in the Nitric oxide radical scavenging potential.

Background: Interleukin-17 (IL-17) gene polymorphisms have been implicated in modulating immune responses and inflammation, which are critical factors in leukemia pathogenesis. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between the IL-17 rs3819024 polymorphism and physiological markers—IRF8 and TGF-β—in leukemia patients compared to healthy controls. Methods: A total of 90 participants aged 16 to 45 years were enrolled, including leukemia patients and healthy controls. Genotyping of IL-17 rs3819024 was performed using the Tetra-ARMS PCR technique. Serum levels of IRF8 and TGF-β were measured by ELISA. Statistical analyses assessed differences in marker levels between genotypes and groups, alongside allele and genotype frequency comparisons. Results: The AG genotype carriers among leukemia patients displayed slightly elevated IRF8 (42.24 ng/mL) and TGF-β (45.66 ng/mL) mean levels but the confidence intervals overlapped. The AA genotype carriers among healthy controls showed elevated IRF8 levels but AG carriers displayed significantly higher TGF-β levels (32.88 ng/mL vs. 15.29 ng/mL). The G allele and AG genotype appeared more frequently in healthy controls than in leukemia patients according to allelic analysis which indicated a protective effect against leukemia. The correlation between IRF8 and TGF-β showed weak results that failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusion: The IL-17 rs3819024 polymorphism produces different effects on IRF8 and TGF-β expression between leukemia patients and healthy individuals which could influence their immune regulation and disease susceptibility. Further research is needed to understand the role of IL-17 in leukemia pathophysiology based on these findings.

The most common cancer that has been diagnosed and one of the major causes of cancer related deaths among women in Iraq is breast cancer. This review paper focuses on the burden, determinants, and healthcare response to breast cancer through national registry data, peer-reviewed literature and recent reports of the Ministry of Health (2010-2025). The results indicate a gradual increase in incidence, especially in women aged 40-49 years, and the majority of the cases occurring at advanced stages (III-IV). Comparatively high mortality rates and low survival rates can be attributed to late diagnosis, low rates of screening coverage and regional differences in diagnostic and treatment potential. Hormonal and reproductive patterns, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and limited awareness coupled by the sociocultural barriers and conflict related disruptions constitute the risk factors. Although data systems and oncology infrastructure have improved, there still exist large gaps, particularly in the areas of pathology services, radiotherapy access, workforce training, and psychosocial and palliative care. The WHO, IAEA, EMPHNET and NGOs have been able to enhance completeness of registries and pilot early-detection programs, but there is uneven implementation. Improving early-detection measures, decentralization of treatment and diagnostic centers, maintaining constant availability of drugs and incorporation of psychological support is an issue of emergency. The review concludes with the fact that long-term investment, policy coordination, and capacity-building can be needed to attain equitable breast cancer control and enhance the survival rate and quality of life of Iraqi women.

Zinc (Zn) and red ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) extract have long been known to play a vital role in maintaining reproductive function and sexual health in males. However, their combined use in animals with DMPA-induced testicular dysfunction has not been widely studied. In this study twenty male Swiss Webster mice were grouped into four consisted of 5 mice each. Group 1 was given only distilled water (Control). Group 2 was given DMPA 1.25 mg/kg BW and distilled water (DMPA). Group 3 treated with DMPA 1.25 mg/kg BW and red ginger extract 400 mg/kg BW and Zn 1 mg/kg BW (DZE 400). Group 4 treated with DMPA 1.25 mg/kg BW and red ginger extract 600 mg/kg BW and Zn 1 mg/kg BW (DZE 600). After 35 days of treatment all animal were dissected for their testis to assess the intratesticular hormone level, to count the number of spermatozoa, to see the motility, morphology, and viability of the sperms. The results showed that red ginger extract at 400 mg/kg BW and zinc 1 mg/kg BW significantly increase testosterone levels, sperm count, motility, morphology, dan viability. In conclusion, zinc elements and red ginger extract, at a certain dose, have the potential as ingredients to overcome testicular dysfunction.

Zinc (Zn) and red ginger rhizome (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) extract have long been known to play a vital role in maintaining reproductive function and sexual health in males. However, their combined use in animals with DMPA-induced testicular dysfunction has not been widely studied. In this study twenty male Swiss Webster mice were grouped into four consisted of 5 mice each. Group 1 was given only distilled water (Control). Group 2 was given DMPA 1.25 mg/kg BW and distilled water (DMPA). Group 3 treated with DMPA 1.25 mg/kg BW and red ginger extract 400 mg/kg BW and Zn 1 mg/kg BW (DZE 400). Group 4 treated with DMPA 1.25 mg/kg BW and red ginger extract 600 mg/kg BW and Zn 1 mg/kg BW (DZE 600). After 35 days of treatment all animal were dissected for their testis to assess the intratesticular hormone level, to count the number of spermatozoa, to see the motility, morphology, and viability of the sperms. The results showed that red ginger extract at 400 mg/kg BW and zinc 1 mg/kg BW significantly increase testosterone levels, sperm count, motility, morphology, dan viability. In conclusion, zinc elements and red ginger extract, at a certain dose, have the potential as ingredients to overcome testicular dysfunction.

Klebsiella pneumoniae is community-acquired infection it can present as lung tuberculosis. It is difficult to treat K. pneumoniae because of its enlarged capsule. "The most effective treatments for Klebsiella are 3&4 century carbapenems, quinolones, or cephalosporins." With the use of more recent medications, single therapy is similarly beneficial as combination therapy for lung infection. Successful treatment in the past has involved the use of older medicines that had less Klebsiella involvement. Prior to identification of pneumococcus illness, patient effect to tuberculosis, and ceftriaxone monotherapy was the prescribed treatment. The patient received an injection at first, followed by three weeks of oral medication. The patient received an injection at first, followed by 3 weeks of oral medication. This article's goal is to discuss the epidemiology, virulence factors, and treatment approaches of this particular species of bacterium. The bacteriais widely distributed throughout the nation, causing a number of respiratory illnesses and having the ability to transmit to other pathogens, including viruses, especially the Corona virus.