Toluidine blue is a valuable adjunctive diagnostic tool for identifying potentially malignant and malignant oral lesions. This metachromatic vital stain demonstrates reliable sensitivity for detecting dysplastic changes through selective binding to nucleic acids in epithelial tissues. Although the specificity varies across studies, toluidine blue significantly enhances the accuracy of clinical examinations in identifying high-risk lesions. Current evidence supports its application in biopsy site selection, surgical margin delineation, and screening. This review synthesizes recent findings on the diagnostic utility of toluidine blue and its potential future applications in oral medicine.

Temporomandibular disorders are dysfunctions of the temporomandibular joint, multifactorial etiology and multiple aspects, diagnosis and management are far from easy. The diagnostic approach must be rigorous and will have to follow a logical progression, the management when it requires us, a reflection on the therapeutic approach according to the clinical case treated. As part of this work, we will discuss the diagnostic approach to disc displacements as well as the different management options by shedding light on current therapies.

Linea alba is a common benign white lesion that appears along the buccal mucosa at the occlusal plane. This reactive keratosis results from chronic frictional trauma against teeth surfaces and requires differentiation from potentially malignant oral lesions. Understanding the clinical characteristics, histopathologic features, and appropriate management strategies enables dental practitioners to provide accurate diagnosis and patient counseling. This review synthesizes the current evidence on the linea alba, emphasizing the diagnostic criteria, differential considerations, and conservative management approaches relevant to clinical practice.

Background: Radiation treatment is frequently utilized in management of head and neck cancer (HNC). This technique uses ionizing radiation to target specific cancer cells, either by directly destroying their genetic material or by causing them to produce free radicals, which ultimately kill the cells. Objective: To assess dental caries, oral hygiene and gingival health condition among children with (HNC) after receiving radiotherapy. Methods: The total sample composed of 100 children with HNC aged 2 years and above attending to Medical City in Baghdad, Iraq for their regular followup and treatment, were selected randomly for the study. Results: The entire group of children (HNC) was caries-active. According to gender, males had the higher mean value (dmfs\DMFS) with significant differences. Regarding to age both (dmfs\DMFS) mean values was higher at age ≥8 years with highly significant difference only for dmfs value. The mean difference of (PlI, GI) indices for each gender was significant. The correlation between PI, GI, indices and dmfs was significant with positively correlated. Conclusions: Comprehensive oral health education and preventative measures are vital for enhancing oral health conditions.

The evolution of implant-supported prosthetic restorations has been driven strongly by the pursuit of improved biomechanical stability, biological compatibility, and aesthetic integration. While titanium and cobalt-chromium alloys remain the conventional choice due to their proven strength and corrosion resistance, limitations related to soft tissue interaction and esthetics have accelerated the transition toward advanced ceramic alternatives, particularly zirconia. Zirconia implants and abutments demonstrate favorable biological responses and excellent esthetics; however, their inherent brittleness and reduced fracture resistance under functional loading remain critical concerns. To overcome these challenges, zirconia–titanium hybrid abutments have emerged as a promising solution, uniting the strength of titanium with the soft-tissue and esthetic advantages of zirconia. Parallel to these developments, additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, such as selective laser melting (SLM) and direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), have enabled the fabrication of highly precise and patient-specific prosthetic frameworks. Evidence indicates that AM-produced titanium infrastructures exhibit mechanical properties equal to or superior to those of conventional casting, while additively manufactured zirconia, despite having lower flexural strength compared to subtractively manufactured zirconia, demonstrates promising clinical applicability. Clinical outcomes highlight restoration-type-specific complication patterns, with screw loosening, veneer chipping, and peri-implant inflammation being the most frequently observed. Furthermore, advances in surface optimization, digital workflows, and artificial intelligence–assisted planning are contributing to enhanced long-term clinical performance. Despite these innovations, limitations persist regarding the standardization of AM protocols, the availability of long-term clinical data, and comprehensive patient-specific risk assessment. Future directions should prioritize multicenter longitudinal studies, advanced biomechanical simulations, and the integration of next-generation materials with digital technologies to optimize both biomechanical and biological outcomes of implant-supported prosthetic restorations.

Objective: In recent years, the increasing adoption of fully digital workflows in dentistry (intraoral scanning → CAD/CAM design → 3D printing) has profoundly transformed clinical procedures, particularly in implant-supported restorations. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the effects of fully digital workflows, compared to conventional methods, on marginal fit, occlusal accuracy, biomechanical durability, patient satisfaction, and complication rates. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), prospective clinical studies, and in vitro/clinical comparative studies published between 2015 and 2025. Study selection criteria were determined according to the PRISMA guidelines. Data extracted from the included studies were analyzed using a meta-analysis approach to compare the clinical performance of fully digital and conventional workflows in implant-supported restorations. Results: A total of 18 studies (n = 965 restorations) were analyzed. The meta-analysis results revealed that fully digital workflows provided, on average, 25–35 µm better marginal fit, demonstrated comparable performance to conventional methods in terms of occlusal fit, and offered a clear advantage in biomechanical durability, particularly with 3D printing-supported hybrid structures. Patient satisfaction was found to be significantly higher, mainly due to shorter treatment time and improved impression comfort. No statistically significant differences were observed in complication rates. Conclusion: The findings suggest that fully digital workflows in implant-supported restorations provide significant advantages in terms of clinical accuracy, patient comfort, and procedural efficiency. However, further prospective long-term clinical studies are needed to monitor long-term biomechanical durability and material-related complications.

This case report presents the successful aesthetic rehabilitation of the anterior maxilla using a fixed partial denture with integrated gingival porcelain to address both white and pink aesthetics in a patient with significant ridge defects. A 23-year-old patient presented with missing maxillary left central and lateral incisors (21,22) and mobile right central and lateral incisors (11,12), along with a Siebert's Class III ridge defect characterized by both vertical and horizontal bone loss. Following extraction of the compromised mobile teeth and complete tissue healing, maxillary canines (13,23) were prepared as abutments for a fixed partial denture. Gingival porcelain was incorporated into the prosthetic design to compensate for the ridge defect and achieve optimal aesthetics. The prosthesis successfully masked the ridge defect while providing natural-appearing tooth contours and gingival architecture. Post-operative evaluation revealed good tissue response and patient satisfaction. Fixed partial dentures incorporating gingival porcelain represent a viable and cost-effective alternative to implant-supported prostheses for anterior maxillary rehabilitation when significant ridge defects are present. This treatment modality can achieve predictable aesthetic outcomes through meticulous treatment planning and precise clinical execution.