Artificial Intelligence (AI) in sales operations is revolutionizing the sales landscape across the globe by providing sophisticated analytics, automation, and improved customer engagement. However, the adoption of AI in Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is a significant challenge for the SMEs in emerging economies like Bangladesh due to limited resources, infrastructure constraints, and lack of technical expertise. Using the TOE framework, this paper explores the barriers hindering AI adoption in sales operations of Bangladeshi SMEs. Exploring technological, organizational, and environmental contexts, the research identifies significant barriers, including integration complexity, high implementation costs, and workforce skill gaps. Furthermore, the research studies how supplier readiness and competitive pressure drive AI adoption. The results inform small and medium-sized enterprises, policymakers, and technology providers regarding strategic steps that can facilitate AI adoption in resource-limited settings. Overcoming these obstacles allows SMEs to harness the power of AI to improve competitiveness, optimise sales processes, and increase business growth within emerging markets.

This study aims at exploring the intrapreneurship in banks on the innovation activity in its various types. As a dependent variable, five types of bank innovation outcomes were considered: product innovation, process innovation, service innovation, modern technology adoption, and organizational innovation. Meanwhile the independent variable was the intrapreneurship in its dimensions different: idea generation, Proactiveness, risk taking, and empowerment. The researcher developed a model based on other studies, then hypotheses were formulated. Four branches of Rafidain Bank, with its 115 employees, were chosen to be the population of this study, then 50 employees were taken as a study sample. The sample members whom where reached through a questionnaire, all of them answered it completely, so all them used in the analysis. The results showed that the employees indicated that intrapreneurship activities are very important factors affecting outcomes (innovation in all its types). The improvement achieved on the innovation process results should encourage all the bank branches continuing the practice of those activities. Significant positive relationships were found and statistically proven between both studied variables. The paper recommends that the studied branches to consider in their future plans the training, practicing, and offering more support for consolidating and taking in account intrapreneurship elements at all oganizational levels in the bank

This study examined how learning orientation shapes the organizational agility of small and medium-sized businesses in Rivers State, Nigeria, especially when entrepreneurial orientation is moderating. Many SMEs are encountering considerable difficulties staying flexible and competitive, especially with all the changes in the economy and regulations. To get real insights, the research used cross-sectional survey, gathering data from 167 SME owners using a well-structured questionnaire and being grounded in dynamic capabilities theory. Data analyzed by regression method. The reliability scores (Cronbach Alpha) comfortably above the 0.7 benchmark. The results showed that learning orientation matters a lot. When teams share a common vision, stay committed to growth, and remain open to new perspectives, they adapt quickly and make smart moves as the business landscape shifts. As SMEs lean into entrepreneurial behaviours like embracing innovation and not being afraid to take risks, the positive link between learning and organizational agility gets stronger. When SMEs add entrepreneurial orientation to the connection linking learning orientation and organizational agility, performance and sustainability become superior. If SMEs want to thrive, they need to build a learning culture, be willing to experiment, and let data guide their decisions.

This conceptual paper evaluates the efficacy of several change management models in various industries, focusing on how these models may be altered to meet the demands and difficulties of diverse sectors. As organizations encounter swift technological developments, changing market conditions, and dynamic workforce, effective change management is vital for successful transitions. The study evaluates the effectiveness of major change management models across industries like healthcare, finance, technology, and manufacturing, among others. The study emphasizes the need to align change strategies with specific sector characteristics to improve organizational performance, employee engagement, and long-term success. This study provides valuable information for companies seeking to execute effective and personalized change strategies by examining the nexus of industry dynamics, and the change management models. Comparative conceptual analysis method and theoretical adaptation are utilized for this study. A key finding is that no single change model works everywhere, and each has its sweet spot depending on the industry, the challenge, and the people involved. It is recommended that to make change stick, organizations should choose, or blend models based on what they are trying to fix and keep things going with training, honest conversations, and real support.

This research aims to explore the relationship between trust in management and the achievement of organizational goals, with a focus on organizational commitment as a mediating factor in this relationship. The study was conducted on a sample of 100 employees at Tikrit University using a questionnaire as the data collection tool. The results revealed a statistically significant relationship between trust in management and both organizational commitment and the achievement of organizational goals. Furthermore, organizational commitment was found to play a significant mediating role that enhances the impact of trust in management on goal achievement. The findings indicated that employees demonstrated a good level of commitment and loyalty, while the levels of trust in management and awareness of organizational goals were moderate. The study recommends enhancing transparency practices, encouraging participatory decision-making, and fostering a supportive environment for institutional affiliation to ensure effective goal achievement. Consequently, a successful and innovative university administration inherently leads to a successful and progressive academic community. My love for the workplace inspired me to choose this topic.

The research aims to measure and analyze some monetary policy indicators and their impact on inflation rates in the Iraqi economy. The relationship between rising inflation rates, the movement of the currency exchange window, and the growth of the money supply (MS) in Iraq during the period (2004-2024) was analyzed. The data were analyzed using the Eviews12 program. The most important results of the study are that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between monetary policy and inflation rates in Iraq during the mentioned period.

The purpose of this study is to explore the basic issues of managing students’ self-study activities at Van Hien University, Ho Chi Minh City; to correctly assess the current status of these activities, to point out the achievements, shortcomings and limitations; the causes of the weaknesses and limitations; from there, to propose solutions to improve the quality of managing students’ self-study activities at Van Hien University, contributing to improving the quality of education and training at Van Hien University. To achieve that goal, this study surveyed 207 managers, lecturers and students of Van Hien University. The survey results showed that managers, lecturers and students of Van Hien University had important assessments of students’ self-study activities and management of students’ self-study activities. However, some still do not have a correct perception of this activity, so this activity is still underrated and has not achieved good results. There are many objective and subjective reasons why this activity has not achieved good results. Based on the analysis and assessment of the current situation, compared with previous research results, this study recommends solutions to improve the quality of management of students’ self-study activities at Van Hien University, Ho Chi Minh City in the future