French Missionary Dallet (1874) wrote in his book that the thousand character essay has been long time used as the textbook for the children for Chinese character both in China and in Korea. The thousand character essay is called in Korea as Tcheonzamun (Han, 1583). Who has created this masterpiece in East Asia, Tcheonzamun? The author of Tcheonzamun is strongly believed to be Chinese people (Han, 1583). However, recently, several researchers tried to translate Tcheonzamun poem on Korean grammar (Park et al., 2021; Kim, 2023). The present researchers will try to translate the present Tcheonzamun poem on Korean grammar. The more important subject of this great work, Tcheonzamun, is the matter of marriage, it is the love between the husband and the wife Owner (Park et al., 2021; Kim, 2023). The somewhat old Tcheonzamun book (Han, 1583) was used. In this work, some pronunciation of the period (16th Century) was taken from the book (Han, 1583), for example, 幾(Geui). The method on the present study is Korean pronunciation of Chinese character on Tcheonzamun (Kim, 2023). And the range of this study is of (Tcheonzamun 673rd-688th). The title of this study is ‘My Darling! My dear wife! I apologize to you for my unfaithfulness! Please lessen your angry (Sag-hyeo-zu-o!) at me! (庶(Seo) 幾(Geui) 中(Zung) 庸(Yong)) (Tcheonzamun 673rd-688th)’. <Number in Tcheonzamun. Chinese character (Pronunciation in Korean language). Modified pronunciation of Chinese character on Korean language in Korean alphabet. Modified pronunciation of Chinese character on Korean language in English alphabet >. 673-676 孟(Mang) 軻(Ga) 敦(Don) 素(So). “망가졌소!” Mang-ga-zyeo-sso! My husband! The marriage life of us, you and me, is already broken! (Mang-ga-zyeo-sso!) 677-680 史(Sa) 魚(Eo) 秉(Byeong) 直(Zig). “싸워보지!” Ssa-weo-bo-zi! My husband! I will fight (Ssa-weo-bo-zi!) against you! Because you are not faithful to me (your wife)! 681-684 庶(Seo) 幾(Geui) 中(Zung) 庸(Yong). “삭혀주오!” Sag-hyeo-zu-o! My Darling! My dear wife! I apologize to you for my unfaithfulness! Please lessen your angry (Sag-hyeo-zu-o!) at me! 685-688 勞(No) 謙(Gyeom) 謹(Geun) 勅(Tchig). “화 녹여! 그쳐!” Hwa-nog-yeo! Geu-tcheo! My Dear wife! Please make nothing of your anguish! (Hwa-nog-yeo!) Stop hating me! (Geu-tcheo!).

Child protection is a sensitive aspect of the social welfare systems across the globe as more children get exposed to abuse, neglect, trafficking, exploitation and other vulnerable factors that threaten their growth and well-being. This paper analyzes child protection and welfare systems in Nigeria with special reference to the application of social-work intervention. Using policy reports, legislative frameworks, government reports and academic literature, the paper discusses the institutional frameworks, legal provisions that influences child-protection mechanisms in Nigeria. The analysis is based on three issues: child-protection policies and law that govern child-welfare in Nigeria; the functions and roles of social workers in the systems; gaps and challenges that impact the effectiveness of child-protection interventions. The study, which is based on the Systems Theory, conceptualizes child protection as a network of interrelating institutions, such as welfare agencies, legal systems, health care services, schools, and community systems, which act in unison to protect children against harm. The evidence shows that Nigeria has come up with a number of legislative and policy frameworks, such as the Child Rights Act that have been established to help prevent abuse, exploitation and neglect of children. The adoption of these frameworks, however, is inconsistent because of the poor institutional capacity, lack of sufficient funding and inter-agency co-ordination, as well as lack of professionalization of social-work practice. The discussion also establishes that social workers are very significant as direct service providers, advocates of protective services, and coordinators of these services by performing various functions like case management, family support, counselling, rehabilitation, and community-based interventions. This research recommends that Nigeria needs to enhance its child-protection system by strengthening legal enforcement, better professional capability of its social workers, better institutional coordination and community based support system to protect and provide comprehensive welfare to vulnerable children.

French Missionary Dallet (1874) described that the thousand character essay has been well utilized as the textbook for the children both in Korea and in China. The thousand character essay is called as Tcheonzamun(千字文) in Korea (Han, 1583). The method in Chinese grammar is the main stream (Han, 1583). The minor method is in Korean grammar (Park et al., 2021; Kim, 2023). This study is carried out on Korean grammar. Somewhat old Tcheonzamun (Han, 1583) was taken for this work, and Chinese characters were used from this book. There are several methods for the translation of Tcheonzamun poem (Park et al., 2021; Kim, 2023). For this study, deleting method (Kim, 2023) was used. It is to delete the same or the similar part of a Chinese character between the different Chinese character on the same line. However, sometimes the deletion on the same Chinese character occurred. And the mark of [ ] shows the deletion on the same Chinese character, and the mark of ( ) indicates the deletion of the similar part. This study concerns the translation of a poem of the thousand character essay. The title of this study is ‘My husband! Are you going to make no(亠) trouble(亅) between us two(丨丨), you and me(your wife)? My husband! Please trust(心) me(your wife)(人)! (Tcheonzamun 545th-560th)’. There are repetitions of each line. It is in order to compare the original one and the deleted one. <Number in Tcheonzamun. Chinese character (Pronunciation shown in Korean language on English alphabet)>. 545-548 桓(Hwan) 公(Gong) 匡(Kwang) 合(Hap). 545-548 桓(Hwan)-三-口-丨=小. 公(Gong)-八=厶. 匡(Kwang)-三-丨=乙. 合(Hap)-口-人(八)=一. My husband! Are you going to treat me (your wife) (厶) as the wonderful Madame(小)? At first, you(my husband) (一) must become to be the gentle man like the noble bird(乙)! 549-552 濟(Ze) 弱(Yag) 扶(Bu) 傾(Gyeong). 549-552 濟(Ze)-[刀-丁(刀)]-K-亠-二-丨丨=氵. 弱(Yag)-二-[弓-弓]=二. 扶(Bu)-二-人=扌. 傾(Gyeong)-亻-匕(K)-ㅜ(亠)-二-人(丨丨)=口. My husband! Do you want that we, the wife(me) and the husband(you)(二), are going to be nothing(氵)? It is easy. Please protect(扌) me(your wife) to talk(口) freely, then, our relation will be destructed. 553-556(1) 綺(Ki) 回(Hoe) 漢(Han) 惠(Hye). 553-556(1) 綺(Ki)-幺-彡-亠-小-口=亅. 回(Hoe)-口-二=丨丨. 漢(Han)-氵(彡)-[十-十]-三(小)-口=人. 惠(Hye)-口-二-厶(幺)-╎(亠)=心. My husband! Are you going to make the mind of us two(丨丨), you and me(your wife), to be united together(亅)? Please give your heart(心) to me(your wife) (人)! 553-556(2) 綺(Ki) 回(Hoe) 漢(Han) 惠(Hye). 553-556(2) 綺(Ki)-幺-彡-小-口=亠亅. 回(Hoe)-口-二=丨丨. 漢(Han)-氵(彡)-[十-十]-三(小)-口=人. 惠(Hye)-口-二-亠丶(幺)=心. My husband! Are you going to make no(亠) trouble(亅) between us two(丨丨), you and me(your wife)? My husband! Please trust(心) me(your wife)(人)! 557-560 說(Seol) 感(Gam) 武(Mu) 丁(Zeong). 557-560 說(Seol)-一口-一-亠=兌. 感(Gam)-弋-一口-[丿-丿]=心. 武(Mu)-弋-一-亠=丨一. 丁(Zeong). My husband! Do you want to make me(your wife)(心) happy(兌)? My husband(丁)! It will be possible when you are grand(一) and right(丨).

Women’s inroad to power is hazy due largely to a highly competitive political environment with an unpredictable political culture. In this light, this paper seeks to examine whether political culture undermine women’s quest for political office in Nigeria especially to the National Assembly. Nevertheless, extant literature established that scholars have written extensively on women’s inclusion in politics. The paper applied liberal theoretical explanations to the major variables of the study. Data was generated via documentary sources while content analysis was utilized for analytical discourse. The paper revealed that out of a total sum 469 seats in the National Assembly, the average percentage of elected female legislators between 2007 and 2023 is 5% and the average percentage of elected men for the same period stood at 93%, representing a worrisome disparity in the gender gap in political participation, inclusion and apathy amongst others. Despite campaign promises and assurances, our analysis revealed consistent women under-representation in the national assembly. Hence, the paper recommended that equity and fairness for women should be a top priority of the current administration. It also recommended that Civil society organizations need to rise and support or promote female representations for elective and appointive positions across government establishments.

French Missionary Dallet (1874) introduced the great book in Asia, the thousand character essay, to the Western world. The thousand character essay is called in Korea as Tcheonzamun (Han, 1583). There are two ways of translation for Tcheonzamun. One is on the Chinese grammar (Han, 1583). The other is upon the Korea grammar (Park et al., 2021; Kim, 2023). The difference of language grammar between the two countries is so great that the result of translation does not coincide. The present translating work will be carried out on the Korean grammar. There are several methods for Tcheonzamun translation on Korean grammar. The third one, the method utilized on the present work, is on the basis of Korean pronunciation of Chinese characters on Tcheonzamun (Kim, 2023). The range of this work is 16 letters of (Tcheonzamun 529th-544th). This work was done upon the Korean pronunciation of Chinese character on Tcheonzamun poem (Kim, 2023). The title of this study is ‘Oh you, the ungraceful woman (Eo-i!), “Look at my agony (Bo-ge) occurred by you about my husband!” (Tcheonzamun 529th-544th)’. <Number in Tcheonzamun. Chinese character (Pronunciation in Korean language). Modified pronunciation of Chinese character on Korean language in Korean alphabet. Modified pronunciation of Chinese character on Korean language in English alphabet >. The wife scolded the woman who has been with her husband. 529-532 磻(Ban) 溪(Gye) 伊(I) 尹(Yun). “보게 어이!” Bo-ge Eo-i! Oh you, the ungraceful woman (Eo-i!), “Look at my agony (Bo-ge) occurred by you about my husband!” 533-536 佐(Zoa) 時(Si) 阿(A) 衡(Hyeong). “저것이 아니여!” Zeo-geos-i A-ni-yeo! Oh you, the woman, “It is not (A-ni-yeo!) the way! ( Zeo-geos-i)” 537-540 奄(Eom) 宅(Daeg) 曲(Gog) 阜(Bu). “어따 고집 부려!” Eo-dda Gozib-buryo! Oh you, the ungraceful woman, “What (Eo-dda) a stubborn woman (Gozib-buryo!) you are!” 541-544 微(Mi) 旦(Dan) 孰(Sug) 營(Yeong). “몸 모두 숙여!” Mom mo-du Sug-yeo! Oh you, “Bend down (Sug-yeo!) all your body (Mom mo-du) including your head in order to apologize!”.

French Missionary Dallet (1874) wrote in his book that the thousand character essay has been used very long time as a textbook for the children both in China and in Korea for Chinese characters. The thousand character essay is called as Tcheonzamun (千字文) in Korea (Han, 1583). Tcheonzamun itself means the thousand(千) character(字) essay(文). Recently, several researchers translated the Tcheonzamun poem on the base of Korean grammar (Park et al., 2021; Kim, 2023). The range of this study is sixteen Chinese characters of (Tcheonzamun 593rd-608th). Kim (2023) translated the Tcheonzamun poem through Korean pronunciation of Chinese characters on Tcheonzamun. The present researchers used the same method of Kim (2023). The modified pronunciation of Chinese character on Korean language was utilized for the present translation. Somewhat old Tcheonzamun book (Han, 1583) was used for the present study. The title of this study is ‘Oh! My Lord! I say to my husband “Please, remove the praying mantis! (Tchi-weo!) Or you will be greatly hurt! (Da-tcheo!)” ((馳(Tchi) 譽(Ye) 丹(Dan) 靑(Tcheong)) (Tcheonzamun 593rd-608th)’. <Number in Tcheonzamun. Chinese character (Pronunciation in Korean language). Modified pronunciation of Chinese character on Korean language in Korean alphabet. Modified pronunciation of Chinese character on Korean language in English alphabet >. 593-596 起(Gi) 翦(Zeon) 頗(Pa) 牧(Mog). “그저 파먹어!” Geu-zeo Pa-meog-eo! My husband! The woman whom you liked is not your wife. The terrible woman like the praying mantis, she will do the sole action (Geu-zeo) of destroying you! (Pa-meog-eo!) 597-600 用(Yong) 軍(Kun) 最(Tchoe) 精(Zeong). “용쿤! 쥐어줘!” Yong-kun! Ziweo-zweo! My wife! No! It is the interesting thing! (Yong-kun!) My wife! Give me in my hands (Ziweo-zweo!) the praying mantis! 601-604 宣(Seon) 威(Wi) 沙(Sa) 漠(Mag). “손위 사마귀!” Son-wi Sa-ma-gwi! My wife! It is the praying mantis (Sa-ma-gwi!) in my hands! (Son-wi). 605-608 馳(Tchi) 譽(Ye) 丹(Dan) 靑(Tcheong). “치워! 다쳐!” Tchi-weo! Da-tcheo! Oh! My Lord! I say to my husband “Please, remove the praying mantis! (Tchi-weo!) Or you will be greatly hurt! (Da-tcheo!)” Here, the praying mantis indicates the woman whom her husband once liked.

French Missionary Dallet (1874) wrote in his book that the thousand character essay has been utilized long time for Chinese character both for Chinese children and for Korean children. The thousand character essay is called as Tcheonzamun(千字文) in Korea (Han, 1583). In the present study, the poem of (Tcheonzamun 609th-624th) was translated in the viewpoint of marriage life between the husband and the wife. However, depending on the present translation of the Tcheonzamun poem, the marriage life did not seem to be happy. Recently, several researchers tried to translate Tcheonzamun poem of 16 Chinese characters on Korean grammar (Park et al., 2021; Kim, 2023). The first translating method is through Korean pronunciation of Chinese character (Kim, 2023). The second translating method is on the meaning of Chinese character on Tcheonzamun (Park et al., 2021). The third one is on the deleting of part(s) of Chinese character (Kim, 2023). The present method is on the Korean pronunciation of Chinese characters on Tcheonzamun (Kim, 2023). The somewhat old Tcheonzamun book (Han, 1583) was used for the present study. And the range of this study is of (Tcheonzamun 609th-624th). On the present study, the Tcheonzamun poem of (Tcheonzamun 609th-624th) was translated. The title of this study is ‘You are the wicked woman (Ag-zong Han-te!) to me and to my husband! You have done such a wrong thing to us! Me (her wife) also, I will do to you the unhappy thing! (嶽(Ag) 宗(Zong) 恒(Hang) 岱(Di)) (Tcheonzamun 609th-624th)’. <Number in Tcheonzamun. Chinese character (Pronunciation in Korean language). Modified pronunciation of Chinese character on Korean language in Korean alphabet. Modified pronunciation of Chinese character on Korean language in English alphabet >. Her husband has not been faithful to his sincere wife! The husband liked another woman except for his wife. Now, the wife said roughly to the woman whom her husband liked for a while on the unjust method. 609-612 九(Ku) 州(Zyu) 禹(Wu) 跡(Zyeog). “어쭈 웃어!” Eo-zu Wuz-eo! You are the woman wicked to our marriage life! However (Eo-zu), you are laughing now! (Wuz-eo!) 613-616 百(Baeg) 郡(Gun) 秦(Zin) 幷(Byeong). “밟고 비벼!” Bab-go Bi-byeo! You are the terrible woman to us, to my husband and to me! I want even to step upon you (Bab-go) and I wish even to rub my feet (Bi-byeo!) on you! 617-620 嶽(Ag) 宗(Zong) 恒(Hang) 岱(Di). “악종한테!” Ag-zong Han-te! You are the wicked woman (Ag-zong Han-te!) to me and to my husband! You have done such a wrong thing to us! Me (her wife) also, I will do to you the unhappy thing! 621-624 禪(Syeon) 主(Zyu) 云(Wun) 亭(Dyeong). “해주우제!” Hae-zu wu-ze! You are the unfortunate woman, to my husband and to her wife (me), you have done such those unhappy things to me and to my husband! I will do the severe recompense to you! (Hae-zu wu-ze!).