Hinduism which emerged in the 18th century is the dominant religion of the Meiteis in the state of Manipur. It was accepted as a state religion in 1714 AD during the reign of king Garibaniwaj. There was a systematic process of induction of the religion in the minds of the earlier Non Hindu people of the state. Brahmins from the neighbhouring states were deployed in the court for every possible rites and rituals performed in state. In almost all the possible localities a Brahmin was deployed with patronization either from the king or by the locality. These Brahmins and other Manipuri scholars compiled and translated various Hindu scriptures written in Sanskrit and in Bengali into Manipuri for easy access by the mass. It is during this period that Sanskrit, Bengali and Hindi elements were systematically incorporated in culture, religion, polity and language. As a result of this 18th century and early 19th century Manipuri literature has marked influence of the Sanskrit and Bengali literatures. A number of religious books was translated and adapted versions of many such literature emerged in this period. Age old umanglais (the sylvan deities) of Meiteis were very tactfully equated with the Hindu Gods. The ceaseless indoctrination into a new faith and culture was made successful through the cultural projects of LairikThiba_ haiba (narration and translation of scriptures) and Waree leeba religious story telling)—mass education of Meiteis in Hindu scriptures viz. the Mahabharata and the Ramayana in the Mandapas (the community halls) and establishment of children’s dance drama the GouraLila and women’s dance drama the Rasa Lila etc. The paper will look into the systemic process of proselytisation and popularization of Hinduism through the tactful use of religious literature, without which the culture of Hinduism would never have been imbibed at all by the masses in Manipur.

The profound poetic renditions, of Emily Dickinson, one of America’s most prolific and original poets, are replete with manifest commendations of the paradoxical ecstasies of an agonizing renunciation. Hence, a number of readers, like Richard Wilbur and others, have considered ‘Sumptuous Destitution’ as the most significant leitmotif of her art. Simultaneously, Dickinson happens to be an inebriate of air, and perhaps since she writes in a trance caused by such inebriation, she is often rapacious, splenetic and covertly or overtly intransigent. The expression ‘Sumptuous Destitution’ sounds daunting, and almost presumptuous, since it implies a certain amount of voluptuousness (the term having unequivocal implications though) that she is willing to indulge in, even in her penury. A divergent array of predicaments in describing female selfhood in and through language is demonstrated in her oeuvre. Her poems thematizing love are distinguished for their exceptional ingenuity. But, both love and poetry bring for Dickinson a calamitous end. Her love poems are seldom considered as objective demonstrations in relation to the form of traditional lyric poetry. It is these artistic nuances of her female subjectivity and her amorous sensibility that the paper seeks to uncover by a close examination of selections from her verse.

The world is facing an emergency in the shape of pandemic, which started in December 2019. The role of the various service-providers in all countries became more significant when lockdown was announced in almost all parts of the world. The banking sector remained opened during the communicable pandemic. The modern banking which is often under scrutiny for its technical limitations and risks is proving useful for the people. It has allowed cashless transactions during the last two months of lockdown in India. SBI (Yono), M banking and i-banking etc. along with UPI based money transfers made the transactions comfortable and allowed people to do online shopping and other activities without physical contact with ATMs, card swiping machines. A comprehensive legislation or legislative amendments in wide number of statutes as well as Allied Rules suitable to technology - driven modern banking is necessary. The amendments are required to be in tune with the susceptible means used for the modern banking. An integrated approach has to be strictly followed making the use of banking more risk-free and user-friendly at the same time. The responsibility rests both with the users and the service-providers (banks) to ensure a guarded experience in the banking services.

Morality is generally considered as a set of norms and principles that determine the difference between good and bad behaviour as well as concerning the rightness or wrongness of a human act. In literature, moral issues are frequently represented in prose and poetry with the aim to highlight a specific problem, like adultery or blasphemy, and eventually to convey a message to the reader or audience concerning the importance of good conduct. Morality plays, such as the Canterbury tales, written in the late Middle Ages influenced the representation of virtues and conscience of the theatrical performances of the later Elizabethan era. For the purpose of this investigation, a comparison is made between Chaucer’s representations of morality in the Pardoner’s and in the Miller’s tales, and how the same topic is depicted in two Shakespeare’s plays, Macbeth and Measure for Measure.

Minimum wage has been a very controversial issue in most countries of the world which has generated series of negative industrial action due to the inability of workers to satisfy their basic necessities of life. In recent times, Nigeria is engulfed with the crisis of the N30,000 minimum wage issue. This study therefore investigated the phenomenon through a qualitative research approach and found out that the new minimum wage is desirable but may not be adequate due to lack of adequate monetary and fiscal policy measures, factors of socio cultural and economic setting, prevalence's of institutional corruption, and above all, the absence of political will. As such the study recommends that the government should look beyond the 30,000 minimum wage and come up will effective monetary and fiscal policies that will stabilise interest rate, price, taxes, exchange rate fluctuations and employment opportunities. The study also suggests stringent actions on corruptions and institutional reforms amongst the three ties of government especially in the local government with a view to stimulate the rural economy.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of metatalk activity on Iranian Advanced EFL Learners' knowledge of passive tenses. 60 advanced level institute learners, who participated in this study, were randomly selected via a language proficiency test (TOEFL). Those who got ±1SD in the test were chosen. They were randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups with 20 participants in every group. An English grammar test related to the usage of passive tenses was administered to both groups in the pre and post-tests. Treatment sessions lasted for 8 sessions but with different methodologies. Teacher in both groups explained about different passive tenses in every treatment sessions. However, learners in the experimental group were treated with metatalk activity and they tried to complete exercises collaboratively with their peers and teachers. They have to complete a dictogloss task with the help of their peers due to focus on learning passive verb tenses. While the control group did not received dictogloss as a metatalk activity and completed the exercises at home and the next session checked the answers. A posttest of grammar was then administered to both groups. The data of the study were analyzed using the independent samples t-test to compare the means of grammar knowledge in both groups. The results revealed that Iranian EFL learners in the experimental group received higher score in the grammar test after being treated with metatalk activity for 8 sessions. It can be conclude that metatalk is an effective method for teaching grammatical knowledge and teachers can use it in their classes.

My study aims to understand the distressed state of Colonial Muslim Women as doubly marginalised, scrutinizing the space of the obscure women writers as a site of analysis. The proposal intends to delve into the “Islamic feminism” through the life and works of Ashraf Bibi, Sultan Jahan Begum, Rashid Jahan, Iqbalunnisa Hussain, Begum Shaista Ikramulla as tools to show how the practices in the name of religion, the misguided interpretation of prophetic teachings and the old customs was the main cause for the backward position of Muslim women and not Islam which came as a reformation religion in the age of ignorance (Jahiliyyah).