Background: Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is as an important aspect of the management of diabetes mellitus. There have been different studies with different SMBG prevalence and varied degrees of association between SMBG and glycaemic control. This study is therefore aimed at determining the prevalence of SMBG practice and the degree of association between SMBG and glycaemic control among persons with diabetes in a North Central Nigerian population. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study carried out at the Endocrinology clinic of the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital. The nature of the study was explained to the participants before informed consent was duly obtained from them. One hundred and forty five (145) participants were consecutively enrolled from the clinic. Data was collected using questionnaires administered to the participants by trained assistants. Analysis of data was conducted using IBM SPSS version 21 (IBM SPSS Co. LTD., New York, USA; June 6, 2012). Results were expressed as means and standard deviation (SD) at 95% confidence interval (CI). The significance level used was p < 0.05. Results: The mean fasting blood glucose (FBG) of persons who practised SMBG was lower than that of those who did not (7.2 vs 9.2 mmol/L, p=0.001). The range of FBG was also lower for those that practised SMBG compared to persons that did not practise (3.6-14.4 vs 4.02-15.0 mmol/L, p=0.001). Similarly, those who practised SMBG had a lower mean 2-hour postprandial glucose (2HrPP) compared to those who did not practise SMBG (9.6 vs 12.2 mmol/L, p=0.004). Likewise, the 2HrPP range was lower among those that indulge in SMBG practice than those who did not (3.0-16.8 vs 5.8-20 mmol/L, p=0.004). Conclusion: Persons who practised SMBG had better glycaemic control than those who don’t. Most of them own their glucometers and the majority checked their blood glucose daily followed by those that checked thrice weekly.