Due to the widespread use of pesticides in agriculture and other contexts, human exposure to them persists. Despite premarket animal testing, epidemiologic studies show that current exposures are linked to dangers to the well-being of people. Within this analysis, we outline the current pathways for pesticide exposure and provide an overview and assessment of the epidemiologic research on adult neurotoxicity and carcinogenicity associated with pesticides. Assessing the hazards that pesticides bring to human health will be improved by a deeper comprehension of exposure patterns, the underlying diversity among people, and the connections between animals' toxicological data and their effects on human health. Public health policymakers will be able to evaluate the risks of exposure to pesticides to human health more precisely if epidemiological studies are improved and combined with toxicology data.