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SAR Journal of Medical Case Reports
Volume-5 | Issue-02
Original Research Article
Denosumab in Unresectable and Recurrent Giant Cell Tumors of Bone: About 70 Cases
E. Kerboua, S. Lemmouchi, R. Nemmar, K. Meskouri, C. Mazouzi, R. Benyahi
Published : March 18, 2024
DOI : 10.36346/sarjmcr.2024.v05i02.001
Abstract
Introduction: Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is a locally aggressive and osteolytic tumour. The peak incidence is during the third and fourth decades of life. The majority of tumours occur in the meta-epiphyseal (end) region of the long bones. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment option, if possible but it is a tumor which always poses progressive problems. Denosumab is indicated in recurrent or unresectable GCTB. Materials & Methods: We report a series of 70 patients treated for GCT at the medical oncology department of the CPMC of Algiers in collaboration with the orthopedics department of Mustapha University Hospital between between December 2018 to December 2023. Results: 70 patients (50 women and 20 men). The sex ratio is 0.54. The average age is 22 years (11-54 years). Reason for Consultation:  Pathological fracture: n=10 -Pain: n=30 - Functional impotence: n=20 - Tumor mass: n=5 - Concept of trauma: n=5 • Stage of the disease: -Localized: n=29 -Recurrence: n=30, -Recurrence + pulmonary metastases: n=10,  Sarcomatous transformation: n=1 • Type of treatment: -Radiotherapy, n=1 -Exercised biopsy: n=10, -Curettage + cementoplasty: n=50  Exeresis with osteosynthesis material: n=8, -Amputation: n=1 • Medical treatment: Denosumab: n=45 • The number of courses with denosumab was between 6 and 55 cycles . Denosumab was administered neoadjuvantly in 10 patients, in 20 patients with reccurence disease, 15 patients in the metastatic phase  In terms of toxicity we noted hypocalcemia moderate in 3 patients. Objective Responses: 95% clinical response, 5 complete radiological responses and 10 partial responses, 20 stable patients and 9 out of 10 patients who received neoadjuvant denosumab were able to operate. Progression Free Survival is 28 months. Conclusion: GCTs are aggressive tumors with intermediate malignancy that should not be underestimated. The treatment is essentially surgical. Denosumab is indicated for both neoadjuvant and adjuvant use, it allows obtaining a clear clinical and radiological improvement.

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