Traditional culture has a dialectical relationship with sustainable socio-economic development, in which the State’s cultural perspectives and policies play a significant role. The reality of socio-economic development, especially the large-scale financial crisis on a global scale, has posed the need for sustainable development. A series of issues raised is the relationship between growth and development, the elements that ensure sustainable development and the dialectical relationship of those elements; the role of culture, and how to direct and organize practices to ensure sustainable socio-economic development. These are problems that need to be solved by every country in the world, including Vietnam. Studies have shown that State policy plays an important and necessary role in creating a link between traditional culture and sustainable development, and a correct and appropriate State policy will be the driving force for sustainable socio-economic development.