Background and objective: The study of the S1P signaling pathway in the context of diabetes offers a novel perspective for understanding the mechanisms underlying cognitive decline and developing new therapeutic strategies. Material and methods: The study involved 24 Wistar rats, divided into three groups: group 1 was given distilled water and served as a control group; group 2 was made up of rats made diabetic and given distilled water; group 3 was made up of rats made diabetic and treated with D-erythro-dihydrosphingosine (SPK1 and SPK2 inhibitor). Behavioral tests included object recognition and maze tests, and Rt-PCR was used to assess sphingosine-1-phosphate expression. Results: The study revealed significant differences in weight between rats, with a notable decrease observed from day 7 onwards. It also revealed significant differences in the time spent exploring objects and the mental influence of diabetes on the acquisition of spatial knowledge. The study also revealed that diabetes affects working memory and inhibits S1P expression in the hippocampal region. Conclusion: The study reveals significant differences in exploratory behavior and memory capacity between diabetic and normal rats, highlighting the negative effects of diabetes on memory.