Background and Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is currently classified as a multi-gene hereditary metabolic disorder where the body fails to produce adequate insulin, resulting in irregular glucose regulation. Objectives: This research focuses on assessing the impact of SOD-1 gene variants rs4817415 and antioxidant index (AOI) in Iraqi individuals diagnosed with T2DM. Methods: A total of 90 participants, consisting of 45 individuals with T2DM and 45 healthy controls, were included in this study. The antioxidant index (TAO-C/MDA) was evaluated using the spectrophotometer method, while SOD-1 gene variants rs4817415 were analyzed through RT-RFLP. Results: The results of this study show that the T2DM and control groups had high statistically significant differences in TAO-C, MDA, and AOI levels (p-value < 0.05). The duration of T2DM in participants was strongly negatively correlated with TAO-C levels (r = -0.654), and it was significantly positively correlated with MDA levels (r = 0.412). According to the study's current findings, the AC hetrozygote genotype implied a statistically significant effect on the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), with a P-value of 0.000 and an OR of 3.19 (1.56–3.09). Additionally, we discovered that the CC genotype and T2DM were significantly correlated, with OR= 1.45 (0.45-3.88). Additionally, the data indicated that the T2DM and CONT groups had statistically different distributions of SOD-1 gene variations, specifically (OR=3.11(1.12-4.09) rs4817415 and its alleles. Conclusion: The findings suggest that the SOD-1 gene variants rs4817415 may serve as a risk factor for the onset of T2DM and contribute to further complications in affected individuals.