This study investigated the detrimental effects of Xenical, both independently and in conjunction with cinnamon, on the histological alterations in renal tissue of obese male rabbits. The study evaluated the preventive properties of cinnamon extract by analyzing its ameliorative impact on the pathological alterations in renal tissue induced by the drug Xenical. Twenty mature male rabbits were categorized into two groups. Rabbits were administered chloroform anesthetic to induce unconsciousness, after which they were euthanized and dissected to obtain kidneys for pathological examination. Histological analysis of the kidney portion from the control group revealed the usual histological architecture of the renal cortex, characterized by prominent glomeruli and orderly renal tubules. The histological examination of kidney sections from the high-fat diet group was stained with hematoxylin and eosin, revealing an abnormal renal cortex, significant infiltration of inflammatory cells into the interstitial space, considerable glomerular atrophy, tubular necrosis, and marked alterations in the glomeruli, characterized by interstitial inflammation surrounding the glomeruli. Histological analysis of kidney sections from the high-fat diet and Xenical group, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, revealed mild histological improvements in cortical tissue, glomerular atrophy, dilation of Bowman’s capsule, infiltration of interstitial inflammatory cells, and significant degeneration of tubular epithelium. Histological examination of kidney sections from the high-fat diet and cinnamon group, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, revealed significant histological improvements in renal cortical tissue, including normal glomeruli, normal tubules, slight infiltration of interstitial inflammatory cells, and mild degeneration. Histological examination of kidney sections from the high-fat diet and Cinnamon with Xenical group, stained with hematoxylin and eosin, revealed several histological alterations in renal tissue, including normal glomeruli with minor atrophy, normal tubules, slight infiltration of interstitial inflammatory cells, and pronounced congestion accompanied by mild degeneration and congestion.