Background: Exodontia, or the removal of teeth, is not only a routine dental procedure but also a significant event that interacts with the cardiovascular system. Stress, anxiety, and pain associated with tooth extraction can lead to fluctuations in blood pressure and heart rate, especially in patients with pre-existing conditions. The role of local anesthesia, the psychological state of the patient, and procedural factors are all critical in understanding these physiological changes. Research indicates a transient elevation in blood pressure and heart rate during exodontia, predominantly due to stress-induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system. This review aims to analyze the existing literature on the interplay between dental procedures and cardiovascular responses, highlighting factors that exacerbate or mitigate these effects. Conclusions: Effective management strategies for anxiety and pain, such as pharmacological interventions and patient preparation, are essential for minimizing risks during such procedures. Understanding these dynamics is vital for ensuring patient safety and improving outcomes in dental practice.