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SAR Journal of Medicine
Volume-6 | Issue-02
Case Report
Post Varicella Septic Vasculitis Presenting as Encephalopathy and Purpura in a Child: A Case Report
Nithya Parasuraman
Published : May 16, 2025
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjm.2025.v06i02.001
Abstract
This case highlights a rare, but important complication of varicella infection in children- septic vasculitis presenting with purpura and neurological signs and symptoms mimicking meningitis. Clinicians should be aware that in post-varicella period, bacterial superinfection can lead to systemic features including vasculitis and encephalopathy, even in the absence of classical Central Nervous System (CNS) infection markers. Early recognition and prompt initiation of antibiotics are crucial for a favorable outcome. In our patient, the purpuric rash and altered sensorium raised suspicion of meningococcemia, but normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings, along with neutrophilic leukocytosis, elevated C-Reactive Protein (CRP) and a positive clinical response to antibiotics, supported a diagnosis of sepsis-associated vasculitis, likely secondary bacterial infection following varicella infection. Timely recognition and intervention by administering intravenous antibiotics led to complete resolution of the clinical condition in a short span.

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