Klebsiella pneumoniae is a ubiquitous pathogen that affects a broad spectrum of hosts, including both animals and humans. It is one of the primary causative agents of clinical mastitis (CM) in dairy cows, contributing significantly to economic losses in the dairy industry, both in Iraq and globally. This study aimed to investigate the role of K. pneumoniae as a causative agent of clinical mastitis in Diwaniyah province, Iraq, and to assess the antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the isolates. A total of 30 milk samples were collected from various locations within Diwaniyah province between November 2024 and February 2025. The samples were transported in a cooled container to the microbiology laboratory at the College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Al-Qadisiyah, for bacteriological analysis. Based on colony morphology and biochemical characteristics, K. pneumoniae was identified in 7 out of 30 milk samples, representing a prevalence of 23.3%. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was assessed using disc diffusion testing, which revealed that all K. pneumoniae isolates were sensitive to Norfloxacin, Azithromycin, and Ciprofloxacin. However, the isolates exhibited complete resistance to Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, Cefixime, Ampicillin, and Cephalosporins. In conclusion, the high prevalence of K. pneumoniae in clinical mastitis cases and the significant antibiotic resistance observed suggest a potential public health risk, particularly through the food chain. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring K. pneumoniae and its resistance patterns to safeguard both animal and human health.