The study examined the state of primary education in Nigeria considering various indices directly related to education at this level. The study looked into the advent of primary education in Nigeria, its purpose as well as the various subjects through which knowledge and cultural values are to be passed unto the younger ones. The study examined the contributions of parents, funding, government, curriculum, supervision, quality of primary school teacher, classroom size, poverty, ICT, text and exams, the political system, infrastructural facilities among others, to the present state of primary education in the country. The study further examined the challenges emanating from the different indicators relating to primary education and finally proffers solutions to salvage the situation.