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South Asian Research Journal of Biology and Applied Biosciences (SARJBAB)
Volume-7 | Issue-06
Original Research Article
Analysis Bioactive Compounds of Apium graveolens and Lepidium sativum using GC/MS Technique and Exploration of Its Antioxidant (Nitric oxide, Peroxynitrite, and Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging) Activity
Ali Hadi Almamori
Published : Nov. 22, 2025
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjbab.2025.v07i06.005
Abstract
In the process of identifying and quantifying its volatile organic compounds (VOCs), the GC-MS is commonly used in the study of the Apium graveolens otherwise known as celery. Lepidium sativum commonly referred to as garden cress is a herb that has drawn the attention of many GC-MS studies in order to establish the chemical make up of it. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is among the efficient techniques and it entails separation and identification of substances based on the boiling points and mass spectrums. This enlightens the chemical compounds of celery that might have been the source of any possible therapeutic or aromatic use. The GC/MS test established Lepidium sativum and Apium graveolens. It was identified by the mass spectrometry and comparing the sample spectral pattern with the samples in the library of Chem. station. This research was carried out to determine the molecular formula and structure of phytocompounds of plants A. graveolens and L. sativum. As a result, the GC-MS analysis is used as the beginning of the analysis of the active principles in A. graveolens and L. sativum. The results of this research study have been utilized in manufacturing of most of the present-day drugs. Ascorbic acid, beta- Ocimene, Neophytadiene, and 2-hydroxy-3 -(2-methylphenoxy) propanoic acid, 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-mannitol, 9-Octadecenamide, Furancarboxaldehyde, Cyclopentene-1, 3 -dione, are among bioactive substances that are present in the two plants. The presence of phytochemicals of A. graveolens and L. sativum may be explained by the disease control. Apium graveolens leaves extract (Methanol, Ethanol fraction and standards) and its antioxidant activity against Nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, hydroxyl radicals and Hydroxyl radical scavenging. The extracts were recorded as different types and were (695.07±30.05), (644.71±28.04) and Gallic acid (standard) (851.15±35.99) respectively in the Apium graveolens and Lepidium sativum against the Peroxynitrite scavenging respectively. Compared to the Hydroxyl radical scavenging potential, recorded (295.06±23.09), (223.00±16.05) and Mannitol (standard) (527.91±30.08) respectively in Apium graveolens and Lepidium sativum respectively. At the same time note (35.09±2.34), (19.00±2.07), and Curcumin (standard) (66.54±4.69) respectively in Apium graveolens and (57.00±2.09), (33.91±2.08) and Curcumin (standard) (70.00±4.08) respectively in the Nitric oxide radical scavenging potential.

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