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South Asian Research Journal of Biology and Applied Biosciences (SARJBAB)
Volume-8 | Issue-01
Original Research Article
Nano-Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in Iraqi Soils: An Integrated Strategy Using Curcumin Nanoparticles and Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)
Shaimaa Abd Musaa, Shayma. A. Altai, Mohammed. F. Mohammed, Bassem KH Laeby
Published : Feb. 7, 2026
DOI : https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjbab.2026.v08i01.007
Abstract
In Iraq soil contamination with cadmium and lead is an increasingly pressing issue for both environmental and public health due to anthropogenic activity (industrial discharge, agricultural practices, and conflict over many years) In this study an Innovative integrated remediation approach through a synergistic combination of two sustainable technologies Nano-remediation using curcumin functionalized nanoparticles, and phytoremediation with Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus). This synergistic process utilizes curcumin nanoparticles to immobilize heavy metal ions and stress reduction for the Phytotoxicity of phytoremediating plants thereby appreciably enhancing phytoremediating sunflower's natural ability to extract toxic heavy metals The 90-day simulated experiment of representative Iraqi calcareous soils, shows a targeted 70% reduction in the bioavailability of cadmium under the Integrated Protocol demonstrating a higher efficacy than either of the independent technologies Both a comparative analysis with State-of-the-art Global Research from 2020 to 2024, supports that Synergistic Nanophytoremediation is an effective and Sufficiently Economic new direction for Remediation Sciences and is in accordance with the current socio-economic environment of Iraq Therefore this paradigm offers the opportunity to develop and implement scalable and adaptable solutions in both Iraq and Globally, Three possible pathways for strategic implementation include; Initiating field scale Pilot Studies Developing a Localized Research Expertise in Nano-biotechnology Implementing Enabling Policy Frameworks to Support Large Scale Adoption, Ultimately supporting Sustainable Improved Soil Security and Public Health Protection.

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