The occurrence of COVID-19 in the context of autoimmune or autoinflammatory disease prompts practitioners involved in the management of these conditions to investigate the pathophysiological, clinical, therapeutic, and evolutionary implications. The patients with autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases that contract COVID-19 present both acute infectious systemic inflammatory process and chronic non-infectious systemic inflammatory process, which raise the interesting research question: is there an over-risk for severe exacerbation? In-deepth understanding of these pathophysiological implications, may allow practitioners involved in the management of these conditions to update and refine their knowledge, enable researchers to pursue the therapeutic targets research, and help health policy makers to adjust and improve prevention and treatment strategies. To provide a relevant synthesis on the interface and the overlap that can exist between these two conditions: acute infectious systemic inflammatory process (COVID-19) and chronic non-infectious systemic inflammatory process (autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases), we conducted a literature review of the literature. Therefore, this literature review has six objectives. First, to present the etiological factor of COVID-19, the etiopathogenic factors of COVID-19, the pathophyiological factors of COVID-19 and the subsequent clinical expressions. Second, to expose the etiological factor of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, the etiopathogenic factors of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, the pathophyiological factors of autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases, and the resulting clinical expressions. Third, to analyze the relationship between acute infectious systemic inflammatory process (COVID-19) and chronic non-infectious systemic inflammatory process (autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases).