This study conducts a comparative economic analysis of cooperative and private dairy systems in Haryana, India. Using empirical field data, financial performance indicators, and gender-based productivity evaluations, it identifies critical operational differences between cooperative structures governed by the Haryana Dairy Development Cooperative Federation (HDDCF) and market-oriented private dairy enterprises. Cooperatives, emphasizing transparency and inclusive growth, struggle with higher procurement and processing costs, resulting in lower profitability compared to private processors who benefit from greater operational efficiency, flexible pricing, and quicker payment cycles. Additionally, gender-disaggregated analyses reveal significant disparities in resource access and productivity between male and female cooperative members. Despite institutional support and extensive service outreach, cooperative dairies face challenges in sustainability and profitability, whereas private dairies lack comprehensive farmer support mechanisms but offer higher immediate returns to producers. The findings suggest policy interventions focused on enhancing cooperative efficiency, improving gender equity, and integrating best practices from both cooperative and private models to ensure balanced sectoral growth.