Blood samples were collected before treatment and after recovery from infection (healthy individuals and patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis). The research was then carried out at the Al-Amin Center for Advanced Biotechnology Research at the Al-Ataba Al-Alawiyya - Najaf. The aim was to evaluate some of the immune effects in people infected with Leishmania tropica parasites that cause cutaneous leishmaniasis. The results showed changes in the immunological markers of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and a significant increase in tumor necrosis factor kappa B (TNF-κB) levels in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. These levels were significantly higher in patients before treatment compared to the control group. Conversely, a significant decrease in IL-8, IL-6, and IFN-κB levels was observed after recovery, while no immunological changes in interferon gamma (IFN-κB) were recorded in the patients. The current study showed that immune changes are of great importance in controlling parasitic diseases, and that pentostam treatment has a significant effect on the humoral and cellular immune response to control individuals infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis.