SAR Journal of Pathology and Microbiology
Volume-7 | Issue-02
Original Research Article
Immunohistochemical Expression of BRAF V600E in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: Correlation with Clinicopathological Parameters and Adverse Prognostic Factors
Rinkie Ranjan, Reena Bhardadwaj
Published : March 14, 2026
Abstract
Background: Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most prevalent thyroid malignancy, and BRAF V600E represents its most common genetic alteration. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the VE1 antibody offers a cost-effective alternative to molecular methods for mutation detection, particularly in resource-limited settings. Aims: To estimate the immunohistochemical expression of BRAF V600E in all histological types of PTC and determine its association with adverse prognostic factors. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included 67 histopathologically confirmed PTC cases from a tertiary care center over 18 months. BRAF V600E IHC was performed using the VE1 clone. Expression was correlated with clinicopathological parameters including tumor size, histological subtype, lymph node metastasis, extrathyroidal extension, and capsular status. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis evaluated predictive performance. Results: BRAF V600E positivity was observed in 37.3% of cases. The cohort demonstrated female predominance (89.6%) with mean age of 44.9±14.7 years. Significant associations were identified between BRAF V600E expression and classic variant histology (p<0.0001), larger tumor size (4.6 versus 2.6 cm; p<0.001), lymph node metastasis (69.2% versus 8.1%; p<0.0001), extrathyroidal extension (30.8% versus 5.4%; p=0.014), and capsular involvement (53.8% versus 8.1%; p=0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated excellent predictive performance for lymph node invasion (AUC=0.83; sensitivity 81.8%; specificity 84.1%) and classic PTC histology (AUC=0.837; specificity 96.9%). Conclusion: BRAF V600E immunohistochemical expression significantly correlates with adverse clinicopathological features in PTC, supporting its utility as a cost-effective tool for risk stratification and treatment planning.