Background: Obsessive–compulsive symptoms (OCS) are frequently observed in major psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, contributing to increased illness burden, diagnostic complexity, and poorer functional outcomes. Aim: To assess and compare the prevalence, severity, and clinical correlates of OCS in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry at Geetanjali Institute of Medical Sciences, Jaipur, over a period of 6 months. A total of 50 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder were included using consecutive sampling. Data were collected using a structured proforma and assessed using standard diagnostic criteria (DSM-5/ICD-10) and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: The majority of patients were in the 51–60 years age group (36%), with male predominance (56%). Schizophrenia (52%) and bipolar disorder (48%) were almost equally represented. OCS were present in 36% of patients. Among them, 16% had mild, 12% moderate, and 8% severe symptoms. OCS were more prevalent in schizophrenia (46.15%) compared to bipolar disorder (25%), with statistically significant association (p < 0.05). Conclusion: OCS are common and clinically significant in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, particularly in schizophrenia. Routine screening and integrated management are essential for improving patient outcomes.