The research included studying the anatomical characteristics of the stems of four species which belong to Papaver genus, which is one of the genera that belong to the Papaveraceae family grows in the middle of Iraq. The species are P. bornmuelleri, P. curviscapum, P. polychaetum, and P. tauricola. Species samples were collected during 2024, and 7 field turns were carried out, covering the central provinces, in addition to a comprehensive survey of herbarium samples preserved in the Iraqi National Herbarium and other university herbariums for the purpose of diagnosis. The study showed that the vascular bundle consists of bark to outside and wood to inside, as this type of unilateral vascular bundle is called Open collateral vascular bundle, which is a feature that distinguished all the studied species, as the anatomical sections of the stems grand good taxonomic importance in isolating and separating the species from each other through the shape and size of the tissues, the thickness of the bark, the Xylem and Phloem tissues, the number of vascular bundles, and the thickness of the pith.