An experiment was conducted in a plastic greenhouse in Najaf Governorate, Iraq, during the 2025 growing season to evaluate the effects of melatonin and silicon on vegetative growth and fruit quality of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Rubygem. The experiment was arranged in a split-plot layout within a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main plots were assigned to melatonin concentrations of 0, 100, and 200 µmol L-¹, whereas the subplots were assigned to silicon concentrations of 0, 50, and 100 mg Si L-¹. Measurements included plant height, leaf number, leaf area, shoot dry weight, fruit total soluble solids, and fruit total sugar content. The results showed that melatonin at 200 µmol L-¹ outperformed the control for the measured traits, with increases of 15.09, 20.77, 15.08, 7.45, 46.37, and 30.09%, respectively. Silicon at 100 mg Si L-¹ also produced the highest mean values, with increases of 11.81, 20.04, 18.19, 8.77, 27.38, and 34.36%, respectively, compared with the treatment without silicon. The combination of the two highest concentrations, M2S2, produced the highest numerical means for all six traits, with increases in total soluble solids and total sugars of 83.50 and 71.34%, respectively, relative to M0S0. These findings indicate the potential of melatonin and silicon to improve vegetative growth and fruit quality of strawberry within the treatment levels and experimental conditions investigated.