This study analyzed the economics of cow milk production in Yola South Local Government Area of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Despite the importance of pastoral milk in the provision of nutritional requirement of Nigerians, the supply from the local production to meet up with the demand is still low. The specific objectives of the study were, to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents, determine the profitability of the respondents and determine the factors influencing milk production. Questionnaire was used for data collection. The analytical techniques used for the study were the descriptive statistics, net farm income and inferential statistics. The results revealed that about 87% of the respondents were married and most (34%) of the respondents were in their active age. Profitability analysis showed a net farm income of N 40,125 with an average rate of return of 0.46k per every naira spent from an average of 28 lactating cows. This implies that the business is a profitable venture. The regression analysis result shows that R2 value is 0.74, this implies that 74% of variation in the output of milk was explained by independent variables in the model. The regression model is statistically significant at F-statistic of 76.6 and prob. (F= 0.0000).The variables X2, X3 and X6 were statistically significant at 1% while X1 is statistically significant at 5%. The study recommends that the use of improved milk technology should be encouraged among small scale milk producers.