: Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L. Verdc.) is an edible legume that represents one of the main income sources for women activities. For the improvement of desirable characters such as yield and ability to resist to abiotic and biotic stress, knowledge of the magnitudes of variation in the available accessions, the relation of characters with yield, extend of environmental influences on these is essential. The aim of this review was to identify the major agro-morphological characters that allow differentiating bambara groundnut accessions, that could be use to set up selection strategies for varieties improvement. Characters like canopy spread, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed length, seed width and weight of 100 seeds are positively correlated to yield per plant. A negative correlation was revealed between days to 50% flowering and yield per plant indicating that plants which take more time on vegetative stage have fewer yields in semi-arid conditions of production. The phenotypic characters therefore provide a useful measure of genetic variability among bambara genotypes and will enable the identification of potential parental materials for future breeding programs.