Dimethoate and chloropyrfios are two of widely used organophosphorus insecticides in agriculture. The irrational use of Dimethoata and chlyropyrfios in Libya play a crucial role in the occurrence of many diseases affecting plants, animals and the environment. The present work was conducted to investigate the alterations in hematological factors in male rabbits after orally administration a single dose of dimethoate (DM) by gavage at a dose of 43.2 mg/kg B.W/day (1/50 of DM) lethal dose and chloropyrfios by gavage at a dose of 33.3 mg/kg B.W/day (1/50 of CPF) lethal dose for 12-week. 15 Male Rabbits weighting (1.891  27.6 Kg)., were divided into 3 groups with 5 animals in each, first group served as control animals, they received 5 ml of corn oil, while animals in second group received Dimethoate, animals in third group received of chloropyrfios. Results indicated that treatment with Dimethoate and chloropyrfios caused significant (P<0.05) decrease in white blood cells (WBCs), haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cells (RBCs), zpacked cell volume (PCV) and platelets. While, increase MCV, MCH, MCVH compared to control. The erythrocytes sedimentation rate highly significant increase in the blood of Dimethoate and chloropyrfios treated rabbits as compared to control.