Background: Interleukin-1 considered as a cytokine type multifunction and it is a feature that causes inflammation. Aim and Objective: to detect and study the immunological and molecular affect of Interleukin-1 α (IL-1 α) in Iraqi Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Materials and Methods: 250 Iraqi women, their ages were from 15 to 50 years, they were divided into two groups: study group (n=125, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome PCOS) while the other group (n=125 control group mainly normal women), blood samples were taken in the second menstruate cycle day, the concentration of IL-1 α was calculated for each group, and after this determine the IL-1 α SNP (IL-1 α Rs1800787 A/G) by using real time PCR. Results: PCSO patients show a noticeable difference compared with other group. The mean level of IL-1α was 69.69± 93.38 (Pg /ml), 3.52E2± 139.15 (Pg /ml) in PCOS and healthy control respectively. The levels were ranging between 0 and 591 Pg/ml. The GG genotype (mutant gene) was detected in 94/125 (75.2%) of PCOS, and the AG genotype was detected in 31/125 (24.8%) of PCOS. The AA genotype (wild type) was not detected in both healthy and PCOS groups. Conclusions: The results showed high significant association of G allele in IL-1 α Rs1800787 A/G gene SNP (A/G) with PCOS, (P<0.0001), this increasing may related to ovulation lack, while the polymorphism in IL-1 α, can be a predispose aspect for the PCOS weakness.