The aim of this study is to compare the hematological parameters of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) and congenital pneumonia. The hematological parameters of 84 newborns who had a gestational age over 35 weeks, who were diagnosed with transient tachypnea, and congenital pneumonia, who were hospitalized in the Newborn Unit of the Uşak University, Faculty of Medicine, Training and Research Hospital between 2015 and 2021, were analyzed retrospectively from the electronic records of the patients. The mean gestational age was determined as 38.0±1.4 weeks in patients with TTN and 38.8±1.5 weeks in patients with congenital pneumonia. A statistically significant difference was detected between the patients gestational age (p=0,016), birth weight (p=0,017), lymphocyte (p=0,037), thrombocyte (p=0,001) and delivery types (p=0,027). Statistically cesarean delivery was higher in the TTN group; the patients in the group with congenital pneumonia had a higher gestational age; the median lymphocyte and thrombocyte values were also found to be lower than in the TTN group. No statistically significant differences were detected between the two groups in terms of other hematological parameters. The present study presented that TTN was seen at lower gestational weeks and in newborns with lower birth weights. It was suggested that cesarean delivery can be considered to be a risk factor for TTN. When hematological parameters are examined, it is noted that patients with congenital pneumonia have a predisposition to lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia.