Proverbs and idioms are folk voices, are creative products of the masses through many ages, reflecting people's feelings and emotions in daily activities. Although they are from folk language, proverbs and idioms are not ordinary voices but rhymes, brief, widely popular among the masses. Proverbs and idioms are oral literature, expressing many aspects of the masses' activities, especially emotionally. In addition, proverbs and idioms also express people's judgments on the good and bad behaviors of people in society when communicating with each other. Therefore, the research topic "Vietnamese and South Korean proverbs and idioms of social relations in comparisons" has been done in order to find out the similarities and differences in culture, thinking and languages between two countries, two cultures. Since then, this study is not out of the goal to help international students have more opportunities to exchange and integrate with Vietnamese culture as well as to facilitate foreigners in studying Vietnamese language and Vietnamese studies. In this research, proverbs and idioms about social relations in Vietnamese and Korean will be compared in terms of syntax structure, semantic structure and pragmatical characteristics to find similarities and differences in culture, thinking and language.