Alginate impression materials remain integral to contemporary dental practice despite advancements in digital dentistry. As irreversible hydrocolloids derived from brown algae, these materials are cost-effective, easy to manipulate, patient-tolerable, and have rapid setting characteristics. This review synthesizes the current evidence regarding the clinical applications of alginate in modern dentistry. The primary indications include preliminary impressions for complete and removable prostheses, orthodontic study models, provisional restorations, opposing arch recordings, and fabrication of custom appliances, including sports mouthguards and bleaching trays. Although dimensional stability limitations restrict the use of these materials in definitive fixed prosthodontics, proper handling protocols can enable predictable outcomes in appropriate clinical scenarios. Understanding the material properties, manipulation techniques, and storage requirements optimizes clinical performance and ensures successful treatment outcomes.