Introduction: The Sella Turcica (ST) is a saddle-shaped structure in the sphenoid bone, and it houses the pituitary gland within the pituitary fossa. The primary imaging technique for studying the morphometry of the ST is computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study is to measure the dimensions of ST and their relationship with age and gender in Libyan subjects who live in Benghazi using CT scans. Material and method: A cross-sectional study was carried out from September 2023 to December 2024. The information was collected from 181 randomly chosen head CT scans of patients who came to the Benghazi Medical Center (BMC) and Aljalla Teaching Hospital. Patients are male and female Libyan patients (67 women and 114 men) aged 18 and above. Two calibrated examiners examined each scan. The data collected was analyzed statistically, and results were obtained. Results: The study sample included 181 participants, with 63% being male (114) and 37% female (67). Participants were divided into four age groups: Group I (ages 18-30, 17.1%, n=31), Group II (ages 31-40, 16.6%, n=30), Group III (ages 41-50, 17.7%, n=32), and Group IV (ages over 50, 48.6%, n=88). The average measurements of the sella turcica in the study group were 10.7 mm in length, 8.7 mm in depth, and 12.9 mm in AP diameter. For male participants, the measurements were 10.8 mm in length, 8.62 mm in depth, and 13.00 mm in AP diameter. For female participants, the measurements were 10.5 mm in length, 8.73 mm in depth, and 12.7 mm in AP diameter. No significant difference in sella turcica dimensions was found between genders (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in mean sella length and AP diameter across the four age groups. This was mainly due to Group I (ages 18-30) having a smaller mean sella length (9.7 mm) and AP diameter (12.1 mm) compared to the other age groups. There was no significant difference in sella depth among the age groups. Conclusion: The findings of this research could have important clinical implications for surgeons and medical professionals. Increased understanding of potential anatomical variations in the sella turcica may impact surgical planning and patient outcomes. Additionally, this study is expected to be a reference for future research studies related to neuroanatomy, contributing to advancing diagnostic techniques, treatment options, and overall patient care in Benghazi.

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The aim of the current study was investigating the antiatherogenic effects of olive oil and gallic acid as a combination. Forty male atherogenic rats were arbitrary divided into five groups (n=8), 1 was given 1ml distilled water as control group (G1), while the groups G2, G3, were drenched 1ml of olive oil and 100mg/kg.bw of Gallic acid respectively. As well as G4 was given 40mg/kg.bw of Atorvastatin and G5 used as a combination group drenched with the same dose of G2 and G3 together for 30 consecutive days. The higher body weight of experimental study rats at zero time was (162±4.05g) on average in gallic acid group. All the atherosclerosis induced rats demonstrated suppression of increase in body weight as compared to the control positive group which reported the high body weight (329±5.09g). The significant (P < 0.05) suppressions of body weight gain in atherogenic rats treated with Atorvastatin was observed at the end of the study as compared to the body weight of those in G1, G2, G3 and G5 respectively. Moreover, the results of the Nitric oxide (NO) revealed there was a significant difference (P<0.05) in all experimental groups after treatment. The highest means were shown in G4 (41.61 µmol/L) and G5(33.50 µmol/L) with non-significant difference between them, followed by G3 (23.92 µmol/L) which was significantly (P<0.05) lower than G4 and G5, but significantly (P<0.05) respectively. In the same line the histopathological section Aorta of control positive rats showed moderate to severe atherosclerosis was seen in the affected aorta wall, with three plaques with thickening of aorta wall. Alos, the aggregation of Atheroemboli that occupied 35% of lumen area of the affected aorta. While there was mild atherosclerosis was seen in the affected aorta wall. Note two mild atherosclerosis plaques, were observed as abnormal thickening in the affected aorta wall of Atorvastatin and combination group respectively. In conclusion, the results indicate that Olive oil and Gallic acid showed potential antiatherogenic effects but may require additional exploration to maximize their therapeutic benefits.

Otodectes cynotis is a common parasitic mite affecting cats and dogs, primarily inhabiting the ear canal, where it causes otitis externa, itching, and potentially severe complications. Despite its clinical significance, data regarding its prevalence and identification in cats within Babylon City remain limited and incomplete. This study aimed to detect and identify Otodectes cynotis in cats using both light and electron microscopy, with identification based on morphological characteristics. A total of 150 cats of various ages and both sexes were examined across different regions of Babylon City during the period from October 2024 and March 2025 Clinical inspection and microscopic examination revealed that 91 out of 150 cats (60.66%) were infested with Otodectes cynotis. Samples were collected from six main areas: Al-Musayyab, Al-Mahawil, Al-Hillah Center, Al-Qasim, Al-Kifl, and Al-Hamza Al-Gharbi, Microscopic analysis confirmed that Otodectes cynotis was the soil mite species detected. Infestation rates were higher in female cats compared to males, and in younger cats (aged 1 to 6 months) compared to older cats (1 year and above). Geographically, the central region of Babylon Governorate exhibited the highest infestation rate, followed by the northern and southern areas, respectively. This study represents the first microscopic identification of Otodectes cynotis in cats in Babylon Province, Iraq, and highlights the need for improved hygiene and veterinary practices to control the spread of this parasite.

The current result aimed to investigate the comparative morphological note of gizzard and proventriculus between two bird (white eared bulbul and bronze fallow cockatiel) according to their food type. In this study used (10 sample) from each bird. The proventriculus of bulbul was spindle tubular in shape- pink in color, the internal surface have shallow longitudinal fold. While in cockatiel the proventriculus was red in color with the spindle shape, the internal surface there was conical projection. The weight of proventriculus of bulbul was more the than that in cockatiel while the length of proventriculus in cockatiel more than that in bulbul. The gizzard of bulbul appear ben elongated in shape surrounding with fatty tissue that appear brown in color, the inner surface have longitudinal fold. While in cockatiel the gizzard was round muscular in shape pink in color and the inner surface was clear without any longitudinal fold.

The current result aimed to investigate the comparative morphological note of duodenum and jejunum between two bird (white eared bulbul and bronze fallow cockatiel) according to their food type. In this study used (10 sample) from each bird. The small intestine was started from the pyloric opening and divided into three part (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) that located at the caudal part of abdominal cavity, there is no demarcation line between the three part and absent of Michal’s diverticulum in both bird. The duodenum in bulbul was appear light yellow in color that take incomplete u shape and recognized by its largest diameter that holding the pancreas. While in cockatiel smallest in diameter and take red appearance with u shape. The jejunum of white eared bulbul appear brown in color the take single lope in shape and it’s the longest part of small intestine, in cockatiel the jejunum has pink in color and the shape was parallel to u shape that absent of demarcation line with ileum.

These results found differences in the jejunum and ilium of post hatching and adult Columba Livia in terms of morphological and histochemical aspects. the jejunum is longest part of small intestine and it was cone shape, it is starting at the proximal end of ascending duodenum to the ileum, it was consisted of centripetal, centrifugal coli and central flexure called spiral loop and suspended by mesentery called mesojejunum. It reddish- brown color. the ileum is third and short part of small intestine reddish color and it is continuing with jejunum to the end of ileo-cecal junction. Histological, the jejunum and ilium was consisting of four layer mucosa, sub-mucosa, muscularis, serosa. The tunica mucosa consisted from of villi, lamina propria and muscularis mucosa, the villi was finger like and not-branched, each villus was covered by simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells. The crypt of lieberkuhn also called intestinal gland were located in the basal of each villus. The thickness of tunica mucosa of jejunum in post and adult was high at level P˂0.05 vs thickness of tunica mucosa of ilium in post and adult. The tunica sub-mucosa was thin layer that form connective tissue and collagen fiber. The tunica muscularis was thick layer made from inner circular layer and outer longitudinal layer, the thickness of muscular of jejunum in post was high at level P˂0.05 vs adult. While the thickness of ilium in adult was high at the level P˂0.05 Vs post hatching. The serosa layer was thin of simple epithelium layer which contain blood vessels, nerve and adipose tissue.

The objective of this study was to extract different levels of heavy metal salts, such iron and chromium, from a few aquatic plants, including Elodea Canadensis and Myriophyllum verticillatum, over the course of a month. The results showed that the components' concentrations in the test aquatic plants rose at the conclusion of the research in a different way from those in the control sample.

This study was conducted at Al-Qassim Green University, Collage of Veterinary Medicine, Anatomy and Histology Branch. The experiment was designed to study the uterus of awassi sheep fetuses where take (16) samples sheep fetuses in prenatal stages are distributing into two groups: (second and third trimester of gestation) according to the gestational age, which is determined depending on the crown rump length (CRL) and divided into group I at (90) days of gestation and Group II at (140) days of gestation, containing (8) fetus each group to record the developmental changes in the uterus. In the first group (90) days the uterus appear muscular tubular organ and small in size with thin translucent wall composed of a short body and two short pointed uterine horns that highly attachment with uterine body and finally uterine cervix that has about (5-6) incompletely developed primitive folds that continuous directly with vagina while histological appear uterus wall composed of four undeferential the inner lining epithelium, sub- epithelium layer, primitive musculares layer and outer sub-musculares layer and lumen appear tubular irregular wide comparatively with the next stage. In the second group (140) days, appear the uterus more differentiation and development than pervious stage that appear tubular organ small in size relatively with thick wall comparatively with second trimester of gestation, composed of short uterine body and two short pointed uterine horns and finally uterine cervix that has about (5-6) rings folds connect directly with vagina, While histological, the uterine wall consists of four layer more differentiation: the inner lining epithelium, pluripotential blastemic tissue layer, muscular layer and outer serosa layer, the lumen less wide and deepest portion of the internodular areas expanded parallel with the nodular surface.