Aim: Evaluation of the toxicological effect of lead acetate (50 mg/kg of body weight) on some functions of the male reproductive system and evaluating its treatment with aqueous extract of date pits (200 mg/kg of body weight) for (20) rats for a period (30) days. The study included four groups: the first group was the control, the second group was treated with lead acetate, the third group was treated with aqueous extract, and fourth group was treated with lead acetate and aqueous extract, Body weight was measured before and after the end of the experimental periods, the weights of the testes and epididymis after dissection, and blood was drawn from them for the purpose of measuring the hormones FSH, LH, and numbers of live and dead sperm in each group, the results showed a decrease in the average weights of the body, testes and epididymis, a and concentration of both hormones and the number of live sperm, and an increase in the percentage of dead and deformed sperm in the second group compared to the control group. As for the third group, the results showed an opposite effect to the second group. As for the fourth, the toxic effect of lead acetate is less when it is dosed to rats with the extract, we conclude from this that lead acetate has a clear toxic effect and causes oxidative stress when rats are exposed to it alone. This effect is reduced when rats are exposed to lead acetate and an aqueous extract.

Iron nanoparticles exist naturally in the environment, it has distinct properties like reactivity, mobility and toxicity which can have potential harm to the nature when it accumulates in large amounts in the soil. Previous studies used varied levels and materials of iron nanoparticles to evaluate its effect on plants, our study aimed to evaluate the potential effect of Iron Nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) seed priming on some Iraqi barley cultivars at the germination level. The Fe2O3 NPs successfully synthesized using Turmeric extract and examined using Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum (FTIR), Atomic Force Microscope (AFM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). In the experiment, the seed was primed with concentrations of NPs (0,3,6,9 mM) with varied priming periods (6,12, and 24 h) and evaluated the seed germination rate (%) and seed germination speed (h). The experimental data showed statistically insignificant suppression of the seed germination rate compared with control treatment for all cultivars which had 100% germination rate except 9 mM, which was marked significant compared with control treatment, while germination speed delayed and significantly affected by the increase in priming period at the concentrations (6 and 9 mM). The study concluded that Fe2O3 NPs barley seed priming can inhibit the germination and delay germination speed at high concentrations which may pose phytotoxic effect at high levels and long term exposure.