The objective of this study was to identify the prevalence, distribution and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria isolates obtained on different Body Fluids. Clinical samples analyzed were 308 clinical samples, comprising of blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and pleural fluid. Bacterial isolates have been determined and their distribution was evaluated as per sample type, age grouping and patient sex. More distribution isolates were tested in relation to antimicrobial susceptibility. Among 308 samples, 126 (39.6), were positive and highest positivity rate was reported in blood (64.6). Staphylococcus aureus (n=28), S. hominis (n=23), and S. haemolyticus (n=18) were the most common of all. The etiological picture depended on sample type: Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) dominated blood cultures whereas a co-dominant S. aureus (24.0%) and Acinetobacter baumannii (24.0) was also a worrying situation in CSF cultures. There were no statistically significant differences in the age distribution and sex of the patients of the isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that there was a high prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus (MRSA, 64.3) and Methicillin-Resistant CoNS. In addition, A. baumannii showed alarming resistance (87.5%) to carbapenems. Importantly, all Staphylococcus species were completely susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. The results demonstrate that there is a large presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, especially at such critical locations as CSF, with a high prevalence of MRSA/MRCoNS and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) A. baumannii. Such findings stress the necessity of active local monitoring to educate empirical treatment rules and enhance the processes of preventing infections.

The study set out to examine the pancreas' histological structure and some of its histochemical, immune-histochemical characteristics in the Gull Chroicocephalus Genei. Eight mature Gulls were bought from Baghdad's Al-Gazal market. The animals were sacrificed, and the pancreas isolated, and prepared the general histological components were demonstrated by staining with Harris Hematoxylin and Eosin(H&E). Some special histochemical stains were used, Mallory Trichrome (MT), Azan (Az), Periodic acid Schiff (Pas), Alcian blue (Ab), and Sudan black (Sb). In addition, some immunohistochemical stains were used, including polyclonal guinea pig anti-insulin, polyclonal guinea pig anti-glucagon, and polyclonal rabbit anti-somatostatin for microscopic examination. The results showed that the pancreas is surrounded by thin-connective tissue capsule, around the pancreatic-acini, which are exocrine commponents that contain neutral muco-poly-saccharides, and have intra-lobular, interlobular, and main ducts which lined by simple low cuboidal to low columnar epithelium which haven’t neutral muco-poly-saccharides, blood vessels, and islets of Langerhans, known as endocrine parts that contain acidic muco-poly-saccharides. The pancreas has a moderate amount of the collagen, reticular fibers, and lacks lipids. The pancreatic endocrine components have different-sized cells, includeing glucagon-generating alpha-cells, insulin-generating beta-cells, and somatostatin-generating delta-cells. The study concluded that there are different fine structural details of the gull’s pancreas of other birds.

This research included a comprehensive (micro-phenotypic) pollen study that included 8 wild plant species are (P.bornmuelleri, P.curviscapum, P.polychaetum, P.tauricola, P.pavoninum, P.rhoeas var. himerense, P.rhoeas var. strigosum and P.setigerum) belonging to the genus Papaver of the Papaveraceae family growing in middle and northern Iraq. The samples were collected during 2023-2024 growing season. Approximately 17 field tours were carried out, including the central and northern governorates, in addition to a comprehensive survey of preserved herbarium samples in the Iraqi National Herbarium and other universities Herbarium for detection. Pollen grains were examined for the arrangement of species using a Light Microscope (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was found that the all of pollen grains were of the tricolpate type, and the species were classified based on the number of apertures and colpi and pollen grain shape, and its size varied between small and medium size (P.curviscapum, P.rhoeas var. himerense, P.rhoeas var. strigosum were medium size) and (P.bornmuelleri, P.polychaetum, P.tauricola, P.pavoninum and P.setigerum were small size), in addition to studying the surface ornamentation of the external grain wall (exine ornamentation).

The current research aims to reveal the genetic variability and mutation rates in the genes of Hymenoptera species by taking several samples from different regions of northern Iraq, including Kirkuk/Wasiti and Salah al-Din/Tikrit/Alam. Samples were collected from different sites using different methods and placed in special bags. They were then transported to the laboratory, where DNA was isolated from each sample. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to determine their sequence and record statistical analyses. The results showed that all samples belonged to the Hymenoptera species in Salah al-Din and Kirkuk governorates. The samples exhibited variation in the number and types of different genetic mutations, with a genetic concordance rate of 90% in samples collected from Salah al-Din/Tikrit/Alam governorates, while the samples from Kirkuk/Wasiti governorates exhibited a genetic variation of 91%, with changes in the nitrogenous base sequence between purines and pyrimidines. From this research, we concluded that there is significant genetic variation in the genome of the ant Hymenoptera sp. This is due to the significant influence of environmental adaptation, feeding pattern, and the stages of the ant's life cycle and its requirements, which promote biodiversity during different seasons.

The aim of study was to determine effects of nickel chloride on the physiology of Lemna minor through used three different concentrations of nickel chloride (10, 20, 30 ppm) for a month in order to measure the amount of total chlorophyll and its protein content. The results of the investigation showed that exposure to nickel chloride causes several effects on the physiology of Lemna minor through reduced biomass, slowed leaf growth at high nickel concentrations, decreased protein levels, reduced chlorophyll content, and impaired photosynthesis. It also causes oxidative stress by increasing MDA levels, altering antioxidant enzyme activity, and affecting nickel uptake from water. However, high levels of nickel are toxic. Symptoms of nickel-induced stress include yellowing of leaves, tissue death, and metabolic disturbances.

Prostate cancer is part of male reproductive system cancers that causes of cancer related death. Although, multiple strategies have been developed, prostate cancer continue to represent a significant disease in globally. To overcome this problem, a deeper understanding of molecular mechanism that drive prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis to develop effective cure. In the current study, we investigate the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as oncogene that implicated in prostate cancer progression. Our results show a substantial level of STAT3 in DU145 and LNCaP cells. Furthermore, we show that chemo-preventing of STAT3 by resveratrol treatment or knockout of STAT3 expression in prostate cancer cells (DU145 and LNCaP) decrease cell viability. Resveratrol at different concentration show an antiproliferative activity against prostate cancer cells (DU145 and LNCaP), with most activity accompanied with 50 µM. For the first time in our lab, using CRISPR Cas9 technology to delete STAT3 gene to showed a significant reduces cell viability of DU145 and LNCaP, furthermore, the colony formation of both cells was inhibited. Interestingly, resveratrol follows the same trend as knockout of STAT3 by ameliorating DU145 and LNCaP viability and colony formation. Furthermore, Western blotting analysis showed that resveratrol inhibits STAT3 expression in both DU145 and LNCaP. These data indicate that STAT3 mediates prostate cancer progression. Inhibition of STAT3 by resveratrol mitigates prostate cancer activity progression.

In Iraq soil contamination with cadmium and lead is an increasingly pressing issue for both environmental and public health due to anthropogenic activity (industrial discharge, agricultural practices, and conflict over many years) In this study an Innovative integrated remediation approach through a synergistic combination of two sustainable technologies Nano-remediation using curcumin functionalized nanoparticles, and phytoremediation with Sunflowers (Helianthus annuus). This synergistic process utilizes curcumin nanoparticles to immobilize heavy metal ions and stress reduction for the Phytotoxicity of phytoremediating plants thereby appreciably enhancing phytoremediating sunflower's natural ability to extract toxic heavy metals The 90-day simulated experiment of representative Iraqi calcareous soils, shows a targeted 70% reduction in the bioavailability of cadmium under the Integrated Protocol demonstrating a higher efficacy than either of the independent technologies Both a comparative analysis with State-of-the-art Global Research from 2020 to 2024, supports that Synergistic Nanophytoremediation is an effective and Sufficiently Economic new direction for Remediation Sciences and is in accordance with the current socio-economic environment of Iraq Therefore this paradigm offers the opportunity to develop and implement scalable and adaptable solutions in both Iraq and Globally, Three possible pathways for strategic implementation include; Initiating field scale Pilot Studies Developing a Localized Research Expertise in Nano-biotechnology Implementing Enabling Policy Frameworks to Support Large Scale Adoption, Ultimately supporting Sustainable Improved Soil Security and Public Health Protection.

Objective: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of microwave-H₂O₂ treatment for municipal sludge processing, focusing on optimizing pollutant removal while minimizing the formation of undesirable byproducts. Materials and Methods: This study involved collecting 273 secondary aerobic sludge samples from the Saldin government municipal wastewater treatment plant in Iraq, during spring 2024. Samples were transported at 4°C for laboratory analysis. A factorial experimental design assessed the effectiveness of 16 microwave-H₂O₂ treatment conditions, varying hydrogen peroxide concentrations (0, 1, 2, and 4 mL/L), treatment temperatures (50, 70, and 90°C), and exposure durations (0, 2, 4, and 6 minutes). Pollutant removal was evaluated using standardized protocols: COD via titrimetry, TP via the ascorbic acid method, and TKN/NH₃-N through macro-Kjeldahl and salicylate methods. Additional physicochemical parameters such as pH, total solids, and VFAs were measured. Results: This study demonstrates that microwave-H₂O₂ treatment effectively reduces organic pollutants in sludge, achieving an 87.7% decrease in chemical oxygen demand (COD) at 50°C with 1 mL/L H₂O₂. It also significantly removes phosphorus (75%) and nitrogen (40%), though ammonia accumulation at higher intensities poses challenges, while enhancing sludge biodegradability. Operation parameters significantly influence treatment efficacy. Mild conditions (50°C, 1 mL/L H₂O₂) effectively remove organic pollutants but may necessitate subsequent nitrogen management. High-intensity conditions (90°C, 4 mL/L H₂O₂) increase ammonia risk yet enhance sludge hydrolysis. Process optimization requires balancing pollutant removal with byproduct utilization, as no single setting optimizes both. Conclusion: These findings offer wastewater treatment facilities evidence-based guidelines for optimizing processes, balancing organic removal and sludge hydrolysis efficiency.