Background: Charcot joint, known as neuropathic arthropathy, is a disorder often associated with neurodegenerative disorders that lead to decreased pain sensation and proprioception, resulting in joint degeneration. Multiple sclerosis (MS), primarily affecting the central nervous system, which may lead indirectly to the development of neuropathic arthropathy. Aim: was to provide an analysis of the imaging features of Charcot joint in patients with MS, through identifying patterns of joints involvement and bone pathology. Methods: A retrospective study conducted in al-Nasiriyah teaching hospital from 2022-2025 and included thirty MS patients with clinical suspicion of neuropathic arthropathy. Computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were reviewed to assess the extent of joint pathology and characterize distinct imaging finding. Results: A total of 30 patients where included, their age range of 34–55 years, radiological findings included osteophyte formation in 15 (50%), bone resorption in 9 (30%), and joint subluxation in 6 (20%) of patients, severe joint degeneration in 21 (70%) patients. CT shows joint space narrowing in 18 (60%) patients, verifying the essential need for joints assessment. Conclusion: The study highlights the important role of comprehensive imaging techniques in diagnosing neuropathic arthropathy in MS patients, as both MRI and CT as particularly valuable tools for early detection then planning of the treatment.

Acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis can be categorized into complicated and uncomplicated. The surgical treatment for complicated diverticulitis can be divided into the sigmoid resection with stoma formation (Hartmann’s procedure) or sigmoid resection with anastomosis, accompanied by a protective ileostomy. In instances where patients with complicated left-sided diverticulitis are hemodynamically unstable, damage control surgery is indicated. Laparoscopic lavage serves as a bridging procedure for complicated diverticulitis with purulent discharge or classified as Hinchy 3, aiming to stabilize the patient for subsequent definitive surgery. This review will examine the surgical treatment of complicated left-sided diverticulitis, focusing on sigmoid resection with stoma (Hartmann’s procedure) and colonic resection with anastomosis. Additionally, the role of laparoscopic lavage in the treatment of complicated diverticulitis with purulent discharge will be explored.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are recognized hotspots for the proliferation and dissemination of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). As effluent discharge may introduce ARB into natural water ecosystems, assessing resistance patterns in these environments is critical to public and environmental health. This study aims to experimentally assess antibiotic resistance patterns in bacterial isolates from different stages of WWTP processes (influent, activated sludge, effluent), evaluating variations in resistance prevalence and identifying critical control points. Bacterial samples were collected across influent, biological treatment (activated sludge), and effluent from three municipal WWTPs. Standard microbiological culturing techniques were used to isolate representative bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Enterococcus spp.). Isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing against a panel of antibiotics (e.g., ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, vancomycin) using disk diffusion and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, following CLSI guidelines. Resistance profiles were analyzed by stage and WWTP. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and ANOVA to compare resistance rates across treatment stages. A total of 450 isolates were tested. Resistance prevalence significantly declined from influent to effluent for most antibiotics. For example, figure 1 shows a bar chart of percent resistance by sample stage: ampicillin resistance dropped from 75 % (influent) to 30 % (effluent); ciprofloxacin from 60 % to 25 %. figure 2 presents a line graph showing cumulative multi-drug resistance (MDR) rates decreasing across treatment stages. However, some isolates from effluent remained resistant to multiple antibiotics, including tetracycline and vancomycin. Findings highlight that conventional WWTP processes reduce—but do not eliminate—ARB. Results support the need for targeted disinfection or advanced tertiary treatments to minimize environmental release of resistance. Data provide a baseline for policymakers and engineers to strengthen wastewater treatment standards and safeguard public health.