Abstract: Natural products demonstrate high effectiveness as catalysts which aid dye removal in textile factories alongside water purification efforts in various industrial fields. Scientists conducted tests to examine how caper stem powder executes photocatalysis when treating crystal violet dye. The experiments that used crystal violet dye contaminated aqueous solutions ran their course in two different settings: in light conditions with ultraviolet radiation. The research evaluated how different elements affect dye crystal violet removal through adsorption by caper stem powder under light conditions along with unlightened circumstances. A solution containing 100 ppm dye solution needed 0.5 grams of powder during a 30-minute process to achieve the most effective result. The results showed that the removal percentage under light exposure reached 92.02% while the removal without light exposure reached 85.38%. The solution at pH level 11 showed the highest removal efficiency where the qualifying rate became 96.97% but without light exposure the rate was 11.88%. Researchers observed that increasing the dye concentration decreased the removal rate through 0.499% during irradiation and 3.295% without irradiation. The results indicated that the adsorption behavior followed Freundlich-type patterns better than Langmuir-type patterns according to linear equation correlation coefficients. Tests revealed that stem-based adsorption decreased as temperature increased while under irradiation treatment regardless of whether the stem was present or not. Mathematical thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption process was non-spontaneous while both the process and adsorption stopped providing randomness within the system.

Abstract: The term insomnia refers to the sleep defect or inability to sleep. A patient's disturbance of sleep to a considerable degree that interferes with day functioning is a main element to take into account of insomnia diagnosis. Cognitive dysfunction and dementia occurs because hypertension. HSP90 is bioactive marker for molecular helper and is related with a number of diseases like hypertension, diabetes and cancers. In this study, we focused to assess the Serum HSP90 in patients with insomnia, and to analyze any correlation with biochemical parameters studied. A case-referent study design included 120 Iraqi individuals, 60 of them suffered from insomnia (36 males and 24 females) against a group of 60 healthy individuals (36 males and 24 females) whose ages were similar to those of the patients aged (20-75) years. The serum HSP90 levels and metabolic parameters including BMI, WHR, SBP, DBP, MDA, AOPPs, 8-OHdG, Vitamin D, Iron, Serotonin, Dopamine, Melatonin and Cortisol were assessed in all individuals. The results were analyzed statistically to examine the differences between the groups and identify the relationship between the studied parameters. According to the statistical analysis, SBP was significantly elevated in insomnia group as compared to healthy referent group (140.50±14.0 versus 109.0±16.2, P=0.02), respectively. DBP was significantly elevated in insomnia group as compared to healthy referent group (90.5±10.62 versus 71.5±12.8, P=0.04), respectively. Serum HSP90 was significantly elevated in insomnia group as compared to healthy referent group (110±10 versus 60±5, P=0.04), respectively. Serum MDA was significantly elevated in insomnia group as compared to healthy referent group (5±0.93 versus 2±0.62, P= 0.01), respectively. Serum AOPPs was significantly elevated in insomnia group as compared to healthy referent group (221±45.1 versus 97.5±31.9, P=0.03), respectively. Serum 8-OHdG was significantly elevated in insomnia group as compared to healthy referent group (3.5±0.6 versus 1.25±0.28, P=0.02), respectively. No strong significant association was observed between HSP90 and other biochemical parameters studied, except SBP and DBP, while weak significant association was found with MDA, AOPPs and 8-OHdG. The current investigation found that insomnia patients had considerably higher levels of HSP90 than the control group. SBP and DBP have a strong positive association with HSP90 levels. These results suggest that HSP90 level in insomnia patients may act as a novel protective signal for the initial discovery of dementia in patients with insomnia.

This study was conducted to prepare, analysis and antibacterial activity of some selected amino acids (Glycine and Phenylalanine) and their transition metal complexes with Ni(II) and Co(II). The solid complexes were synthesized through condensation of amino acids with appropriate amount of chloride salt of Nickel (II) and Cobalt (II) in (1:2) molar ratio of [M-L] in aqueous media at pH (9.6). The Prepared complexes were subjected to spectroscopic analysis by infrared and UV-Vis. The prepared metal complexes were tested against two gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtitles) and two gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, and Peseuduomonus areruginosa) by using diffusion method. The results of infrared spectra of amino acids metal complexes showed several new bonds formed [M-N, M-O] which indicate that the amino acids acts as bidentate ligands involving carboxylic oxygen and nitrogen atom of amino group in coordination and the electronic spectra of amino acids metal complexes showed absorption bands correspond to the n-σ*, n-π*, and π-π*. The result of the antibacterial tests indicates that the Co(II) Glycine complex possesses higher activity and other metal complexes Co(II) phenylalanine, Ni(II) Glycine, Ni(II) Phenylalanine possess partial activity.