Background: The staff nurses services of tracheostomy patients care play a very vital role based on the principle of ’time saving is lifesaving’. Tracheostomy care is a major health issue in various parts of the world. The number of patients with tracheostomy is increasing in both developed and developing countries. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of video assisted teaching on knowledge and practice regarding tracheostomy care among the staff nurses and to develop protocol on tracheostomy care. Methods: A pre-experimental research approach, one group pre-test and post-test research design was adopted to carry out the present study non probability convenient sampling technique was used to select 30 staff nurses. Data was collected by means of structured knowledge of questionnaire to assess the knowledge and observational checklist to assess the practice of staff nurses regarding tracheostomy care. The analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequency, percentage, means, median, mode, standard deviation, mean difference t-test and chi square test in IBM SPSS Statistics 20. The significance level was set at P≤0.05. Results: A purely improvement in the score of knowledge and practice regarding tracheostomy care among staff nurses was observed (P<0.05). There was also a significant association between the knowledge score and the clinical experience (P= 0.03) and CNE on tracheostomy care (P= 0.01). Conclusion: The staff nurse has inadequate knowledge and fair practices regarding tracheostomy care. A video assisted teaching and protocol administration is an effective strategy to increase their knowledge and improve their practice. Also, holding in-service training courses regarding the tracheostomy care is considered necessary.

Elderly lacto-vegetarians have been identified as a high-risk group of nutrient deficiency like Protein, Fat, carbohydrate, calcium, multivitamin etc., due to unbalanced eating pattern. A descriptive cross-sectional study has been conducted at Budhanilkantha Municipality among 113 respondents. Data was analyzed in statistical software like SPSS version 25 and Microsoft excel. The study showed that 33.6% respondents were overweight, 19.4% were obese and 46.9% were normal according to BMI. Waist Hip Ratio shows that (46.9%) of the respondents had Moderate health risk, (20.3%) were in high health risk and 32.7% were normal in healthy range. Waist Circumference shows that out of total respondents 33.9% had increased risk of metabolic complications among Male (14.6%) and Female (19.2%). 61% of respondents were at the substantially increased risk of metabolic complications, Male (11.3%) and Female (49.7%). Factor such as Calories intake (P=0.00), fat intake (P=0.00), Gender (P=0.002), Ethnicity (P=0.00), Education level (P=0.00), Religion (P=0.000), Meal Intakes (P=0.00), Skipping Meals (P=0.00), carbohydrate intake (P=0.00), protein intake (P=0.00), were found to be statistically significant with Nutritional Status according to WHR. Factor such as Carbohydrate intake (P=0.019), Protein intake (P=0.00), were found to be statistically significant with Nutritional Status according to BMI. Majority of elderly lacto-vegetarian respondents were overweight and obese according to BMI and WHR shows health risk as well. Associated factors of Nutritional status are Gender, Religion, Ethnicity, Education level, Calories, Fat, Protein, and Carbohydrate.

Temper tantrums in children Toddlers often cause parents frustration so a solution is needed to overcome this. This study aims to determine the effect of therapeutic group therapy on the incidence of temper tantrums in toddler-aged children. The research design used in this research is a quasi-experimental research design with a pretest–posttest approach using a control group. This research was conducted in October 2023 in Pakisaji, Malang Regency. This research involved 9 children (aged 2-3 years) in the Pakisaji sub-district area as the treatment group and 9 other children as the control group. The treatment group was given 6 sessions of therapeutic group therapy over a period of 3 weeks. The results of the analysis using the paired sample test showed that in the treatment group there was a significant difference in the value of children's temper tantrums before and after being given treatment, namely with a value of p=0.039 (<0.05). Meanwhile, in the control group, the p value = 0.085 (> 0.05) was obtained, which indicated that there was no significant difference. The results of the analysis of differences in the incidence of temper tantrums before and after treatment between the treatment group and the control group were carried out using an independent sample t test and the results obtained were p=0.387 (>0.05). These results show that there is no significant difference in the incidence of pre and post temper tantrums between the treatment and control groups. The conclusion of this study proves that there is no significant influence from the application of Therapeutic Group Therapy on the incidence of temper tantrums in toddler. because there are many factors that can influence it including the parenting style of parents.