Aim: To identify the penicillin resistance organisms in soil sample collected from the hospital area. Methods: Bacteria were grown on nutrient agar medium and sub cultured in nutrient broth with different concentrations of Penicillin. The resistance organisms were characterized by 16s rRNA gene sequencing and blast analysis. Results: A total of 21 cultural were identified as penicillin resistance organisms. Out of 21 cultures we have characterized four cultures and identified as Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Comamonas sp. KBB4, Bacterium SM2-6. Conclusion: Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Comamonas sp. KBB4, Bacterium SM2-6. Four cultures were identified as penicillin resistance organisms. Remaining 17 cultures need to characterize.

Streptococcus pneumoniae or pneumococcus is a type of bacteria that may cause a great variety of diseases some of which are rather dangerous. Certain strains of streptococcal pneumoniae are more apt to cause a disease than others due to special characteristics they have. Due to several factors among which is the formation of capsules, surface proteins, and toxins, like pneumolysin, bacteria can cause tissue damage and enable them to evade the host immune system. The study was conducted with the use of the multiplex assay in order to examine the influence of this chronic inflammation around the implant on the expression level of the inflammatory cytokines on the organismal level. Cytokine systemic induction in the model of mouse was species specific. Compared to the tissues of individual infections or sterile implants, there was an entirely different manner in which infected implants elicited cytokines. Interactions between factors of tissue, implant materials and bacteria factors are major contributors in the pathophysiology of peri-implant disorders through high levels of inflammation. Most recent studies have associated conditions of long-term inflammation with the type of bacteria that lead to the peri-implant infections. Biomaterial-related infection usually led to the determination of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-9, IL-12, and IL-13. These facts of massive infiltration and long-term persistence of the host immune cells in cases of biomaterial-related infections raise a question that whether these infections contribute more to the development of inflammatory responses.

Background: Secondary metabolites, or SMs, are substances that are necessary for an organism's (cell's) survival yet have an impact on the organism's surroundings. These substances are important for protecting plants from biotic and abiotic stressors. Secondary metabolites are members of the other metabolite families and can be highly generated in response to stress. By participating in nutrition and reproduction, primary metabolites play a crucial role in providing metabolic activities. Accordingly, a small number of SMs are particularly chemical, such as medications, tastes, scents, insecticides, and dyes, and are consequently very cost-effective. Purposes: The current study's objectives are: Evaluation of the extract from Coriandrum sativum seeds' antimicrobial and anti-diabetic (a-glucosidase and a-amylase) inhibitory properties as well as the identification of its bioactive chemical components. Materials and Methods: In the Hillah secondary city's local market, the coriander seeds were ground into a powder. It is ground to expand the surface area and speed up the extraction process. Glass beads and sample were combined in a 2:1 v/v ratio for the experiment. One hundred grammes of the sample was put into the glass-bead extraction jar, and it was extracted for around four hours, or until the extraction was finished. To make sure the extraction process was completed, the extract was harvested every 30 minutes, and the obtained oil was weighed right away. Results: Peak Wave number cm-ˡ, Intensity, Type of Intensity, Bond, Type of Vibration, and Functional group assignment were as follows: (667.37, 67.245, Strong, =C–H, Alkenes), (794.67, 77.258, Strong, =C–H, Alkenes), (1045.42, 65.642, Strong, C-F, alkyl halides), (1238.30, 81.459, Strong, C-F, alkyl halides), (1519.91, 75.457, Medium, C=C, Aromatic), (1531.48, 74.327, Medium, C=C, Aromatic), (1633.71, 68.420, Bending, N-H, Amide), (2854.65, 86.016, Strong, C-H, Alkane), (2924.09, 81.209, Strong, C-H, Alkane), (3163.26, 84.032, Strong, C-H, Alkane). Based on the extract type (Crude methanolic extract, ethanolic fraction, and standard acarbose), the corresponding inhibitory potencies against α-amylase were 89.73±0.54, 61.10±0.27, and 17.30 ± 0.09, respectively. 63.25±0.29, 31.83±0.15, and 15.89±0.06 were the measured inhibitory potencies against α-glucosidase activity, respectively. At a significantly (P < 0.05) lower concentration, crude methanolic extract demonstrated a better percentage inhibition against α-amylase than the antidiabetic medication acarbose (72.16%).

One of the greatest threats to public health is the multidrug resistant microorganisms (MD-resistant microorganisms), which also are referred to as the superbugs, and which manage to kill millions of people annually around the world. So, the purpose of the study is to have synergistic effect of antibacterial to give modern strategy to survive resistance bacteria to antibiotics. Clinical specimens of 60 patients were taken of those with burn burns and urinary tract infection of patients. Identification of bacterial isolates was done under cultural as well as by vitek-2 system and antibiotic susceptibility test was done to obtain the resistance of the isolates towards the antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin/leucine, Ceftazidime/leucine combination were tested against ten MDR Escherichia coli isolates in which the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were measured, gene on Gyrase A and Gyrase B was estimated using the real- time PCR on ten MDR E. coli isolates against the antibiotic alone and combination of each form of antibiotic and leucine. The MICs of isolates were also effectively reduced in isolates against CIP/leucine; and CAZ/leucine combination compared to their individual antibiotics (p 0.05). Results of Gyrase A and Gyrase B gene expression exhibited a major decline upon adding leucine to both antibiotics as compared with the control isolates (p<=0.05). Conclusively, it is notable to be able to notice the effect of leucine coupled with CIP and CAZ to the MDR isolates which is a plus to the ways of combating bacteria resistant to drugs, especially when combined with biological agents that are highly effective.

Background: Toxoplasma is a parasitic illness that befalls a person through the consumption of food of Watchman characteristically meats that have cysts of T. gondii or via contact with the feaces of infected cats or a pregnant woman to the fetus during pregnancy. This study was aimed at assessing the burden of toxoplasmosis in varying geographical locations and enhancing the detection of T. gondii. Material and Methods: A new study was conducted in Babylon province Thursday (Jan 1, 2023- May 15, 2023) in Teaching hospitals with a sample size of 261 pregnant women and their paired cord blood to be screened of toxoplasmosis. A conventional PCR analysis at a molecular level was conducted on seropositive samples. Such diagnostic tests as MRIs or CT scans were applied with a view to diagnose brain lesions in extreme situations. Results: Also, anti-toxoplasma antibodies were desired, as well as DNA extraction through the help of extraction kits. Among the samples of maternal blood (87) there were toxoplasmosis-positive cases. Out of 40 cord bloods 38 percent were positive to the anti-Toxoplasma IgG, 3 percent positive to IgM, (15. 3%). Molecular screening using PCR revealed that all the samples to be positive to B1 gene (100%), 20 of the samples contained the P30 gene (50%) and 10 samples contained the 18Rdna gene (25%). Seropositive Sera 1) a sample of cord blood was positive and therefore, one new-born was proven to have congenital toxoplasmosis. Therefore, core relationship between relative parasite transmission risk and neonatal seropositivity was nowhere to be found (chi-square > 0. 05). Conclusion: This study comes clear about the fact that congenital toxoplasmosis posed itself more in the rural settlements than in the urban establishment. In terms of mitigating the risk of disease, it implies screenings early in life, that is, when a child is born and additional testing.

The synthesis of chemogenic selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) was carried out by reducing sodium selenite and ascorbic acid and properly characterized the nanoparticles to ascertain its physicochemical characteristics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicated that the SeNPs were highly crystalline and hexagonal with low crystallite size, which showed its possible application in catalyst, drug delivery, and bioimaging. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed clear spherical nanoparticle SeNPs with an average size of 19.91 nm that makes them surface reactive and suitable as biomedical materials. Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) technique was used to verify that the high purity of the SeNPs (selenium as the major element) contained oxygen, carbon, sodium, chlorine, and gold as impurities. The SeNPs tested showed a prominent dose related scavenging effect with an antioxidant activity developed in presence of DPPH in the concentration with a maximum scavenging (38.32%) at µg/mL. Investigations on hemolysis revealed that SeNPs also do not lysis red blood cells and thus has a good biocompatibility. SeNPs had MIC values on Salmonella enterica of 16 µg/mL, which indicates their antimicrobial activity. Moreover, SeNPs showed significant antibiofilm potential with Salmonella enterica and in particular in its association with tetracycline where a high degree of synergism was achieved leading to more than 80% of inhibition. The results of this study’s findings indicate the promising future of SeNPs as antimicrobial and anti-oxidant application, which could possibly be used to overcome bacterial resistance as well as to act as an enhancer to the effects of conventional antibiotics.

Objective: Recurrent loss of pregnancy is one of among the most prevalent clinical events that occur in the initial, second, and thrid trimesters. Therefore, while this research aims to assess the connection between the vitamin D receptors gene (V.D.R) SNPs (rs1544410) and the risk of recurrent pregnancy loss. Methods: The cross-sectional research focused on fifty women with recurrent pregnancy loss and 50 control women without history of pregnancy failure. We applied the polymerase chain reaction (P.C.R) techniques to amplify the polymorphism areas of the V.D.R gene on each chromosome 12. The P.C.R products of every specimen were purified using the Wizard SV Gel and PCR Clean-Up System (Promega, USA) and forwarded for sequencing using the Sanger sequencing method at Macrogen, Korea. All DNA sequences were compared to the reference genome sequence of the VDR gene. Results: Our results showed the case patient group consisted of 15(30 %) CC wild type, 29(58%) CT mutant heterozygote, and 6(12%) TT homozygote genotypes of rs1544410 in VDR gene, while the control included 25(50%) CC wild type, 21(42%) CT heterozygote, and 4(8%) TT homozygote genotypes. There was a significant decrease in CC genotype in recurrent pregnancy compared with control group of dominant model (P=0.04), and significant association of rs1544410 polymorphism and VD3, WBC, RBC, GOT, GPT and Diastolic Blood Pressure. Conclusion: The present research found a substantial association between rs1544410 variations of the V.D.R gene and recurrent abortion, and significant association of rs1544410 polymorphism with study parameters.

Plants extracts were used in herbal medicine since ancient times owing to their therapeutic effectiveness, availability and accessibility in an experimental study. In the current study we used methanolic Lycium shawii extract (MLSE) investigate biological and medical active compounds by gas chromatography spectrometry (GC-MS) and evaluate its therapeutic ability against amikacin induced liver toxicity. 32 experimental male mice were divided into 4 groups; GI (negative control) was given Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), GII was given amikacin (100mg/kg), group GIII was received (MLSE) alone, while group GIV was received both 100mg/kg of amikacin and 200 mg/kg of MLSE. GC-MS result showed 20 medicinally active compounds as shown in table 1. Most of these compounds reported as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and even anti-cancer. The biochemical tests revealed significant P≤ 0.05 therapeutic potential of MLSE in GIV to normalize the disturbance in the liver enzymes values (ALT, AST and ALP) that induced by amikacin in GII compared with GI. Additionally, histopathological study was illustrated that MLSE exhibit potent role in GIV in reduction amikacin-induced hepatotoxicity in GII compared with normal control GI. Collectively the MLSE play an important role in overcoming and suppression of amikacin hepatotoxicity. According to above results we recommended that Lycium shawii extract can use in medical and pharmaceutical field after further clinical and genetic evaluation for its safety and activity.