Endoscopic gallbladder drainage is performed for high-risk patients with acute calculus cholecystitis who are not fit to undergo a cholecystectomy. Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage and endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage are the two procedures performed. Both procedures require specialized training and equipment, and the most common complications include perforation, bleeding, and stent migration. In this review, we will investigate the role that endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage and endoscopic ultrasound gallbladder drainage play in the management of acute calculus cholecystitis in high-risk patients who would not undergo a cholecystectomy. We will also review the indications and complications of these procedures and compare them with percutaneous cholecystostomy in the management of acute calculus cholecystitis.

Introduction: Benign enlargement of the prostate (BEP) is a major health concern for aging men worldwide. Assessing lower urinary tract symptoms in BEP patients is essential for starting and managing treatment. Both the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the new Visual Prostate Score (VPS) are commonly used to evaluate these symptoms. This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of these two scores with urodynamic assessments in patients. Patients and Methods: Following ethical committee approval, a one-year study was conducted that included 100 patients diagnosed with Benign Prostatic Enlargement and lower urinary tract symptoms, all of whom provided written informed consent. After being educated about the study, participants completed the International Prostate Symptom Score and Visual Prostate Score questionnaires, and their uroflowmetry parameters were documented. The scores from the two questionnaires were then compared to each other, as well as to the uroflowmetry results. Result: Among the patients enrolled, 35% were illiterate. Out of 100 patient 61% required assistance to complete IPSS (p = <0.001). VPSS completion time was significantly less (p = <0.001). There was a notable relationship between the total IPSS and the VPSS scores (R = +0.489; p= <0.001), and total IPSS QOL and total VPSS QOL correlated positive (R = 0.349; p = 0.018). Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between the Visual Prostate Score and the IPSS for the quantification of lower urinary tract symptoms resulting from Benign Prostatic Enlargement. Furthermore, the VPSS can be completed without assistance by a greater proportion of patients and in a certain period of time.